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set a jewel in gold

  • 1 set

    set
    1. present participle - setting; verb
    1) (to put or place: She set the tray down on the table.) poner, colocar
    2) (to put plates, knives, forks etc on (a table) for a meal: Please would you set the table for me?) poner
    3) (to settle or arrange (a date, limit, price etc): It's difficult to set a price on a book when you don't know its value.) poner, fijar, acordar
    4) (to give a person (a task etc) to do: The witch set the prince three tasks; The teacher set a test for her pupils; He should set the others a good example.) mandar
    5) (to cause to start doing something: His behaviour set people talking.) provocar
    6) ((of the sun etc) to disappear below the horizon: It gets cooler when the sun sets.) ponerse
    7) (to become firm or solid: Has the concrete set?) endurecer, cuajar
    8) (to adjust (eg a clock or its alarm) so that it is ready to perform its function: He set the alarm for 7.00 a.m.) poner
    9) (to arrange (hair) in waves or curls.) marcar
    10) (to fix in the surface of something, eg jewels in a ring.) montar, engastar
    11) (to put (broken bones) into the correct position for healing: They set his broken arm.) componer, encajar

    2. adjective
    1) (fixed or arranged previously: There is a set procedure for doing this.) fijo, determinado, establecido
    2) ((often with on) ready, intending or determined (to do something): He is set on going.) listo, preparado
    3) (deliberate: He had the set intention of hurting her.) deliberado
    4) (stiff; fixed: He had a set smile on his face.) fijo
    5) (not changing or developing: set ideas.) fijo
    6) ((with with) having something set in it: a gold ring set with diamonds.) engastado

    3. noun
    1) (a group of things used or belonging together: a set of carving tools; a complete set of (the novels of) Jane Austen.) juego, colección, equipo
    2) (an apparatus for receiving radio or television signals: a television/radio set.) aparato
    3) (a group of people: the musical set.) grupo, pandilla
    4) (the process of setting hair: a shampoo and set.) marcado
    5) (scenery for a play or film: There was a very impressive set in the final act.) decorado
    6) (a group of six or more games in tennis: She won the first set and lost the next two.) set
    •
    - setback
    - set phrase
    - set-square
    - setting-lotion
    - set-to
    - set-up
    - all set
    - set about
    - set someone against someone
    - set against someone
    - set someone against
    - set against
    - set aside
    - set back
    - set down
    - set in
    - set off
    - set something or someone on someone
    - set on someone
    - set something or someone on
    - set on
    - set out
    - set to
    - set up
    - set up camp
    - set up house
    - set up shop
    - set upon
    set1 n
    1. juego / colección
    2. aparato
    3. decorado / plató
    4. set
    game, set and match juego, set y partido
    set2 vb
    1. poner
    have you set the alarm clock? ¿has puesto el despertador?
    2. fijar / establecer
    3. ponerse


    set sustantivo masculino (pl
    ◊ sets) set

    set m Ten set ' set' also found in these entries: Spanish: acondicionar - ajedrez - ambientar - aparato - azuzar - camino - cartabón - componer - conjunta - conjunto - constituir - constituirse - dar - decorado - decorador - decoradora - dentadura - destinar - determinar - disponer - ejemplo - empeño - emprender - enfrentar - engarzar - equipo - erigirse - escala - escenografía - escuadra - establecer - examen - fijar - fijarse - fraguar - frase - granada - granado - grifería - grupo - hecha - hecho - hombro - hundida - hundido - incendiar - indisponer - inflamar - instalar - jet English: adventure - ascetic - backing - barricade - beset - cassette - cat - dead - deep-set - example - film set - fire - foundation - fund - gather in - goblet - heart - intentionally - jet-set - journey - light - loose - nationalist - odds - pace - paper - pattern - preset - radio set - radiocassette - reset - rest - sail - scene - set - set about - set against - set apart - set aside - set back - set book - set down - set in - set off - set on - set out - set up - set upon - set-up - setting
    tr[set]
    ■ shampoo and set, please lavar y marcar, por favor
    ■ all actors must be on the set at 9.00 am todos los actores deben estar en el plató a las 9.00
    3 (position, posture) postura, posición nombre femenino
    1 (placed) situado,-a
    2 (fixed, arranged) fijo,-a, determinado,-a, establecido,-a
    3 (rigid, stiff) rígido,-a, forzado,-a; (opinion) inflexible; (idea) fijo,-a
    4 SMALLEDUCATION/SMALL (book) prescrito,-a
    5 (ready, prepared) listo,-a (for/to, para), preparado,-a (for/to, para); (likely) probable
    ■ is everyone set to go? ¿todos estáis listos para salir?
    transitive verb (pt & pp set)
    1 (put, place) poner, colocar
    2 (prepare - trap) tender, preparar; (- table) poner; (- camera, video) preparar; (- clock, watch, oven, etc) poner
    ■ I've set the alarm clock for 6.00 am he puesto el despertador a las 6.00
    3 (date, time) fijar, señalar, acordar; (example) dar; (rule, record, limit) establecer; (precedent) sentar; (fashion) imponer, dictar
    ■ have you set a date for the wedding? ¿has fijado una fecha para la boda?
    4 (price) fijar; (value) poner
    5 (jewel, stone) montar, engastar
    7 SMALLMEDICINE/SMALL (broken bone) componer; (joint) encajar
    8 (exam, test, problem) poner; (homework) mandar, poner; (task) asignar; (text) prescribir; (target, aim) fijar, proponer
    9 (story, action) ambientar
    10 (provoke, start off) poner, hacer
    11 (provide music for) arreglar, poner música a
    12 (hair) marcar
    13 (make firm - jelly) cuajar; (- cement) hacer fraguar; (- teeth) apretar
    1 (sun, moon) ponerse
    2 (liquid, jelly) cuajar, cuajarse; (cement) fraguarse, endurecerse; (glue) endurecerse; (bone) soldarse
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to be all set estar listo,-a, estar preparado,-a
    to be dead set against something oponerse rotundamente a algo
    to be set in one's ways tener unas costumbres muy arraigadas, ser reacio,-a al cambio
    to be set on doing something estar empeñado,-a en hacer algo, estar resuelto,-a a hacer algo
    to set fire to something prender fuego a algo
    to set free poner en libertad, liberar
    to set one's heart on something querer algo más que nada
    to set somebody's mind at rest tranquilizar a alguien
    to set the ball rolling / to set things in motion poner las cosas en marcha
    to set the pace marcar el paso
    to set the tone marcar las pautas
    set lunch menú nombre masculino del día
    set square cartabón nombre masculino, escuadra
    ————————
    tr[set]
    1 (of golf clubs, brushes, tools, etc) juego; (books, poems) colección nombre femenino; (of turbines) equipo, grupo; (of stamps) serie nombre femenino
    2 SMALLELECTRICITY/SMALL (apparatus) aparato
    3 SMALLMATHEMATICS/SMALL conjunto
    4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (tennis) set nombre masculino
    5 SMALLMUSIC/SMALL (performance) actuación nombre femenino
    6 (of people) grupo; (clique) pandilla, camarilla
    7 (of pupils) grupo
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to make a dead set at (attack) emprenderla con 2 (seduce) proponerse ligar con
    set ['sɛt] v, set ; setting vt
    1) seat: sentar
    2) or set down place: poner, colocar
    3) arrange: fijar, establecer
    to set the date: poner la fecha
    he set the agenda: estableció la agenda
    4) adjust: poner (un reloj, etc.)
    to set fire to: prenderle fuego a
    she set it free: lo soltó
    6) make, start: poner, hacer
    I set them working: los puse a trabajar
    set vi
    1) solidify: fraguar (dícese del cemento, etc.), cuajar (dícese de la gelatina, etc.)
    2) : ponerse (dícese del sol o de la luna)
    set adj
    1) established, fixed: fijo, establecido
    2) rigid: inflexible
    to be set in one's ways: tener costumbres muy arraigadas
    3) ready: listo, preparado
    set n
    1) collection: juego m
    a set of dishes: un juego de platos, una vajilla
    a tool set: una caja de herramientas
    2) or stage set : decorado m (en el teatro), plató m (en el cine)
    3) apparatus: aparato m
    a television set: un televisor
    4) : conjunto m (en matemáticas)
    adj.
    • fijo, -a adj.
    • puesto, -a adj.
    • resuelto, -a adj.
    • rígido, -a adj.
    n.
    • conjunto (Matemática) s.m.
    • equipo s.m.
    • grupo s.m.
    • juego s.m.
    • muestra s.f.
    • partida s.f.
    • serie s.m.
    • servicio de mesa s.m.
    pret., p.p.
    (Preterito definido y participio pasivo de "to set")
    v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: set) = encasar v.
    • engastar v.
    • poner v.
    (§pres: pongo, pones...) pret: pus-
    pp: puesto
    fut/c: pondr-•)
    set
    I
    1)
    a) (of tools, golf clubs, bowls, pens, keys) juego m; (of books, records) colección f; ( of stamps) serie f

    a set of cutlery — un juego de cubiertos, una cubertería

    b) ( Math) conjunto m
    3) (TV) aparato m, televisor m; ( Rad) aparato m, receptor m
    4) (in tennis, squash) set m; (before n)

    set point — bola f de set, punto m para set (Méx), set point m (CS)

    5)
    a) ( Theat) ( stage) escenario m; ( scenery) decorado m
    b) ( Cin) plató m
    6) ( in hairdressing) marcado m

    shampoo and set — lavado m y marcado


    II
    1) (established, prescribed) <wage/price> fijo

    set book — ( Educ) obra f prescrita or del programa

    we ordered the set menu — (BrE) pedimos el menú del día

    a) (ready, prepared)

    to be set — estar* listo, estar* pronto (RPl)

    is everything set for the meeting? — ¿está todo preparado or listo or (RPl) pronto para la reunión?

    all set (to go)? — ¿listos?

    b) (likely, about to) (journ)

    to be set to + inf — llevar camino de + inf

    c) (determined, resolute)

    he's dead set on going to college — está resuelto or decidido a ir a la universidad sea como sea

    3)
    a) (rigid, inflexible)

    to be set in one's ways — tener* costumbres muy arraigadas

    b) ( solid) <yoghurt/custard/jelly> cuajado

    III
    1.
    (pres p setting; past & past p set) transitive verb
    1) (put, place) poner*, colocar*
    2)
    a) (cause to be, become)

    to set somebody free — poner* en libertad or liberar a alguien

    to set somebody loose — soltar* a alguien

    to set fire to something, to set something on fire — prenderle fuego a algo

    b) (make solid, rigid) \<\<jelly/cheese\>\> cuajar; \<\<cement\>\> hacer* fraguar
    3)
    a) ( prepare) \<\<trap\>\> tender*; \<\<table\>\> poner*
    b) ( Med) \<\<bone\>\> encajar, componer* (AmL)
    c) \<\<hair\>\> marcar*
    d) ( Print) \<\<type\>\> componer*
    4) ( adjust) \<\<oven/alarm clock/watch\>\> poner*
    5)
    a) (arrange, agree on) \<\<date/time\>\> fijar, acordar*; \<\<agenda\>\> establecer*, acordar*
    b) (impose, prescribe) \<\<target\>\> establecer*
    c) ( allot) \<\<task\>\> asignar; \<\<homework\>\> mandar, poner*; \<\<exam/test/problem\>\> poner*; \<\<text\>\> prescribir*
    d) ( establish) \<\<precedent\>\> sentar*; \<\<record/standard\>\> establecer*; \<\<fashion\>\> dictar, imponer*

    to set a good example — dar* buen ejemplo

    e) (fix, assign) \<\<price/bail\>\> fijar
    6) (cause to do, start)

    to set something going — poner* algo en marcha

    a) \<\<book/film\>\> ambientar
    b) ( locate) \<\<building\>\> situar*
    8)
    a) (mount, insert) \<\<gem\>\> engarzar*, engastar; \<\<stake\>\> hincar*, clavar
    b)

    to set a poem to music — ponerle* música a un poema

    9) (turn, direct)

    we set our course for the nearest island — pusimos rumbo a la isla más cercana; sail I 1) a)


    2.
    vi
    1) ( go down) \<\<sun/moon\>\> ponerse*
    2)
    a) (become solid, rigid) \<\<jelly\>\> cuajar(se); \<\<cement\>\> fraguar*
    b) \<\<bone\>\> soldarse*
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:
    [set] (vb: pt, pp set)
    1. N
    1) (=matching series) [of golf clubs, pens, keys] juego m ; [of books, works] colección f ; [of tools] equipo m, estuche m ; [of gears] tren m ; [of stamps] serie f ; (Math) conjunto m

    • the sofa and chairs are only sold as a set — el sofá y los sillones no se venden por separado

    • a chess set — un ajedrez

    • I need one more to make up the complete set — me falta uno para completar la serie

    • a set of crockery — una vajilla

    • a set of cutlery — una cubertería

    • they are sold in sets — se venden en juegos completos

    • it makes a set with those over there — hace juego con los que ves allá

    • set of teeth — dentadura f

    • a train set — un tren eléctrico

    2) (Tennis) set m
    3) (Elec) aparato m ; (Rad) aparato m de radio; (TV) televisor m, televisión f
    4) (Theat) decorado m ; (Cine) plató m
    5) (Hairdressing)
    6) esp pej (=group) grupo m, pandilla f ; (=clique) camarilla f

    • the fast set — la gente de vida airada

    • the literary set — los literatos, la gente literaria

    • the smart set — el mundo elegante, los elegantes

    jet II, 4.
    7) (Brit) (Scol) clase f
    8)
    - make a dead set at sb
    9) (=disposition) [of tide, wind] dirección f ; [of fabric] caída f ; [of dress] corte m, ajuste m ; [of head] porte m, manera f de llevar; [of saw] triscamiento m ; mind-set
    10) (Hort) planta f de transplantar

    onion sets — cebollitas fpl de transplantar

    2. ADJ
    1) (=fixed) [price, purpose] fijo; [smile] forzado; [opinions] inflexible, rígido; [talk] preparado de antemano; [expression] hecho; [date, time] señalado; (Scol) [books, subjects] obligatorio; [task] asignado

    to be set in one's ways/opinions — tener costumbres/opiniones profundamente arraigadas

    • set books — (Scol, Univ) lecturas mpl obligatorias

    • with no set limits — sin límites determinados

    • set menu — menú m, comida f corrida (Mex)

    • a set phrase — una frase hecha

    • set piece — (Art) grupo m ; (=fireworks) cuadro m ; (Literat etc) escena f importante; (Sport) jugada f ensayada, jugada f de pizarra

    • at a set time — a una hora señalada

    • there's no set way to do it — no hay una forma establecida or determinada de hacerlo

    2) (=determined) resuelto, decidido

    • to be (dead) set against (doing) sth — estar (completamente) opuesto a (hacer) algo

    • to be set in one's purpose — tener un propósito firme, mantenerse firme en su propósito

    • to be (dead) set on (doing) sth — estar (completamente) decidido a or empeñado en (hacer) algo

    since you are so set on it — puesto que te empeñas en ello, puesto que estás decidido a hacerlo

    3) (=ready) listo

    • to be all set to do sth — estar listo para hacer algo

    all set? — ¿(estás) listo?

    • the scene was set for... — (fig) todo estaba listo para...

    4) (Culin)
    5) (=disposed)

    the tide is set in our favour — la marea fluye para llevarnos adelante; (fig) la tendencia actual nos favorece, llevamos el viento en popa

    3. VT
    1) (=place, put) poner

    • the film/ scene is set in Rome — la película/escena se desarrolla or está ambientada en Roma

    • to set fire to sth, set sth on fire — prender fuego a algo

    • a novel set in Madrid — una novela ambientada en Madrid

    • to set places for 14 — poner cubiertos para 14 personas

    • to set a poem to music — poner música a un poema

    • what value do you set on it? — ¿en cuánto lo valoras?; (fig) ¿qué valor tiene para ti?

    2) (=arrange) poner, colocar; (=adjust) [+ clock] poner en hora; [+ mechanism] ajustar; [+ hair] marcar, fijar; [+ trap] armar

    • the alarm clock is set for seven — el despertador está puesto para las siete

    • I'll set your room — (US) voy a limpiar y arreglar su habitación

    • to set the table — poner la mesa

    • he sets his watch by Big Ben — pone su reloj en hora por el Big Ben; see sail 1., 1)

    3) (=mount) [+ gem] engastar, montar
    4) (Med) [+ broken bone] encajar, reducir
    5) (Typ) [+ type] componer
    6) (=fix, establish) [+ date, limit] fijar, señalar; [+ record] establecer; [+ fashion] imponer; [+ dye, colour] fijar

    • to set a course for — salir rumbo a

    • to set one's heart on sth — tener algo como máximo deseo

    • to set limits to sth — señalar límites a algo

    • the meeting is set for Tuesday — (US) la reunión se celebrará el martes

    • to set a period of three months — señalar un plazo de tres meses

    • to set a record of ten seconds — establecer un récord de diez segundos

    • to set a time for a meeting — fijar una hora para una reunión

    example
    7) (=assign) [+ task] dar

    • to set an exam in French — preparar un examen de francés

    8) (=cause to start)

    • the noise set the dogs barking — el ruido hizo ladrar a los perros

    • to set a fire — (US) provocar un incendio

    • to set sth going — poner algo en marcha

    • to set sb laughing — hacer reír a algn

    • to set everyone talking — dar que hablar a todos

    • it set me thinking — me puso a pensar

    • to set sb to work — poner a algn a trabajar

    9) (=cause to pursue)

    • to set a dog on sb — azuzar un perro contra algn

    • we set the police on to him — le denunciamos a la policía

    what set the police on the trail? — ¿qué puso a la policía sobre la pista?

    10) (=make solid) [+ cement] solidificar, endurecer; [+ jelly] cuajar
    4. VI
    1) (=go down) [sun, moon] ponerse
    2) (=go hard) [concrete, glue] endurecerse; (fig) [face] congelarse
    3) (Med) [broken bone, limb] componerse
    4) (Culin) [jelly, jam] cuajarse
    5) (=begin)
    5.
    CPD

    set designer N — (Theat) director(a) m / f de arte, decorador(a) m / f

    set point N — (Tennis) punto m de set

    * * *
    [set]
    I
    1)
    a) (of tools, golf clubs, bowls, pens, keys) juego m; (of books, records) colección f; ( of stamps) serie f

    a set of cutlery — un juego de cubiertos, una cubertería

    b) ( Math) conjunto m
    3) (TV) aparato m, televisor m; ( Rad) aparato m, receptor m
    4) (in tennis, squash) set m; (before n)

    set point — bola f de set, punto m para set (Méx), set point m (CS)

    5)
    a) ( Theat) ( stage) escenario m; ( scenery) decorado m
    b) ( Cin) plató m
    6) ( in hairdressing) marcado m

    shampoo and set — lavado m y marcado


    II
    1) (established, prescribed) <wage/price> fijo

    set book — ( Educ) obra f prescrita or del programa

    we ordered the set menu — (BrE) pedimos el menú del día

    a) (ready, prepared)

    to be set — estar* listo, estar* pronto (RPl)

    is everything set for the meeting? — ¿está todo preparado or listo or (RPl) pronto para la reunión?

    all set (to go)? — ¿listos?

    b) (likely, about to) (journ)

    to be set to + inf — llevar camino de + inf

    c) (determined, resolute)

    he's dead set on going to college — está resuelto or decidido a ir a la universidad sea como sea

    3)
    a) (rigid, inflexible)

    to be set in one's ways — tener* costumbres muy arraigadas

    b) ( solid) <yoghurt/custard/jelly> cuajado

    III
    1.
    (pres p setting; past & past p set) transitive verb
    1) (put, place) poner*, colocar*
    2)
    a) (cause to be, become)

    to set somebody free — poner* en libertad or liberar a alguien

    to set somebody loose — soltar* a alguien

    to set fire to something, to set something on fire — prenderle fuego a algo

    b) (make solid, rigid) \<\<jelly/cheese\>\> cuajar; \<\<cement\>\> hacer* fraguar
    3)
    a) ( prepare) \<\<trap\>\> tender*; \<\<table\>\> poner*
    b) ( Med) \<\<bone\>\> encajar, componer* (AmL)
    c) \<\<hair\>\> marcar*
    d) ( Print) \<\<type\>\> componer*
    4) ( adjust) \<\<oven/alarm clock/watch\>\> poner*
    5)
    a) (arrange, agree on) \<\<date/time\>\> fijar, acordar*; \<\<agenda\>\> establecer*, acordar*
    b) (impose, prescribe) \<\<target\>\> establecer*
    c) ( allot) \<\<task\>\> asignar; \<\<homework\>\> mandar, poner*; \<\<exam/test/problem\>\> poner*; \<\<text\>\> prescribir*
    d) ( establish) \<\<precedent\>\> sentar*; \<\<record/standard\>\> establecer*; \<\<fashion\>\> dictar, imponer*

    to set a good example — dar* buen ejemplo

    e) (fix, assign) \<\<price/bail\>\> fijar
    6) (cause to do, start)

    to set something going — poner* algo en marcha

    a) \<\<book/film\>\> ambientar
    b) ( locate) \<\<building\>\> situar*
    8)
    a) (mount, insert) \<\<gem\>\> engarzar*, engastar; \<\<stake\>\> hincar*, clavar
    b)

    to set a poem to music — ponerle* música a un poema

    9) (turn, direct)

    we set our course for the nearest island — pusimos rumbo a la isla más cercana; sail I 1) a)


    2.
    vi
    1) ( go down) \<\<sun/moon\>\> ponerse*
    2)
    a) (become solid, rigid) \<\<jelly\>\> cuajar(se); \<\<cement\>\> fraguar*
    b) \<\<bone\>\> soldarse*
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-spanish dictionary > set

  • 2 set

    1. I
    1) the sun is setting солнце садится /заходит/
    2) his power has begun to set его могущество /власть/ слабеет; his star has set его звезда закатилась; his glory has set его слава померкла
    3) cement has set цемент схватился /затвердел/; the glue did not set клей не засох; the jelly has set желе застыло; blood (the white of the egg, etc.) set кровь и т.д. свернулась; the milk set молоко свернулось /створожилось/; all his muscles set все его мускулы напряглись; his face set его лицо-окаменело /застыло/
    4) young trees set молодые деревца принялись; the blossoms were abundant but they failed to set цветение было бурным, но плоды не завязались
    2. II
    1) set at some time the sun sets early (late, etc.) солнце заходит рано и т.д.; set in some manner the sun sets slowly солнце медленно садится
    3) set at some time the jelly hasn't set yet желе еще не застыло; set in some manner cement (mortar, glue, etc.) sets quickly цемент и т.д. быстро застывает /схватывается/; her hair sets easily ее волосы легко укладывать, у нее послушные волосы; his lips set stubbornly его губы упрямо сжались; his teeth set stubbornly он упрямо стиснул зубы
    3. III
    1) set smth. set a broken bone (dislocated joints, etc.) вправить кость и т.д.; set one's hair укладывать волосы; set the table накрывать на стол; set the stage расставлять декорации; set the scene подготовить обстановку; set the sails а) ставить паруса; б) отправляться в плавание; set a piano настраивать пианино; set a palette подготавливать палитру; set a razor править бритву; set a saw разводить пилу; set a clock (the hands of the watch, the alarm-clock) поставить часы; set the focus of a microscope настроить микроскоп; set a map ориентировать карту
    2) set smb., smth. set guards /sentries, watches/ расставлять часовых /караульных и т.п./; set the guard (the pickets) выставлять караул (пикеты)
    3) set smth. set the wedding day (the time, a date, a price, etc.) назначать день свадьбы и т.д.; set a fine устанавливать размер штрафа; set the course разработать /выработать/ курс; set standards (limits, a time-limit, boundaries, etc.) устанавливать нормы и т.д.; set requirements определять / вырабатывать/ требования; set a punishment наложить взыскание
    4) set smth. set an examination-paper (questions, problems, etc.) составлять письменную экзаменационную работу и т.д.; set a new style (a tone) задавать новый стиль (тон); set the fashion вводить моду; set a new model (a pattern) внедрять новый образец (покрой); set the расе задавать темп; set a record устанавливать рекорд; set a precedent создавать прецедент; set a good (bad) example подавать хороший (дурной) пример
    5) set smth. set a trap (a snare) поставить капкан (силки); set an ambush устроить засаду
    4. IV
    1) set smth. somewhere set the books back положить /поставить/ книги на место; set the chairs back отодвигать стулья; set back one's shoulders расправить плечи; the dog set its ears back собака прижала уши; set the clock (one's watch, the alarm, the hand of the watch, etc.) back one hour перевести часы /отвести часы/ на один час назад; set one's watch forward one hour поставить /перевести/ часы на один час вперед; set a house well (some distance /some way/, a fair distance, etc.) back from the road (from the street, etc.) построить /поставить/ дом вдали и т.д. от дороги и т.д.; set the book (one's knitting, the newspaper, etc.) aside отложить в сторону /отодвинуть/ книгу и т.A; set down one's load (one's suitcase, a box, etc.) опустить свой груз и т.д. (на землю)-, set the tray down поставить (на стол и т.я.) поднос; set the chair upright поднять стул; set smb. somewhere set the dogs apart растащить [дерущихся] собак; set the children apart отделять /изолировать/ детей
    2) set smb., smth. in some direction the current set them (the boat, the ship, etc.) northward (seawards, etc.) течением их и т.д. понесло к северу и т.д.
    5. V
    set smb. smth.
    1) set the boys (the students, the employees, etc.) a difficult job (an easy task, a difficult problem, the job of cleaning the yard, etc.) (заплавать мальчикам и т.д. трудную работу и т.д., set oneself a difficult task ставить перед бабой трудную задачу; set him a sum задавать ему арифметическую задачу; set one's son a goal поставить перед своим сыном цель
    2) set the children (the younger boys, youngsters, other people, etc.) a good example подавать детям и т.д. хороший пример; set smb. smth. to do smth. set smb. a standard /a pattern/ to follow служить для кого-л. образцом, которому надо следовать
    6. VI
    set smth., smb. in some state
    1) set the window (the door, the gates, etc.) open открывать /оставлять открытым/ окно и т.д.; set the door ajar приоткрывать дверь, оставить дверь полуоткрытой; set one's hat (one's tie, one's skirt, etc.) straight поправить шляпу и т.д., надеть шляпу и т.д. как следует; set the prisoners (the bird, etc.) free освобождать /выпускать на свободу, на волю/ узников и т.д.; set the dog loose спускать собаку (с цепи, с поводка и т.п.); a good night's rest will set you right за ночь вы отдохнете и снова будете хорошо себя чувствовать; why didn't you set the boy right? почему же вы не поправили мальчика?; I can soon set that right я могу это быстро уладить или исправить; set errors right исправлять ошибки; it would set him (myself) right in their eyes это оправдает его (меня) в их глазах; set things /matters/ straight /right/ уладить дела; set things ready приводить все в готовность; set smb.'s curiosity agog возбуждать чье-л. любопытство
    7. VII
    1) set smb. to do smth. set the men to chop wood (the men to saw wood, the boys to dig a field, the pupils to work at their algebra, the girl to shell peas, the pupils to sing, etc.) заставлять рабочих колоть дрова и т.д.; I set him to work at mowing the lawn я велел ему /дал ему задание/ постричь газон; я вменил ему в обязанность подстригать газон; whom did you set to do this? кому вы поручили это сделать?; I set myself to study the problem я решил взяться за изучение этого вопроса; he set himself to finish the job by the end of May он твердо решил /поставил себе целью/ закончить работу к концу мая
    2) set smth. to do smth. set a machine (a device, a mechanism, etc.) to work приводить в действие /завалять. запускать/ машину и т.д.; set the alarm clock to wake us at seven заводить будильник, чтобы он поднял нас в семь часов, поставить будильник на семь часов
    3) set smth. to do smth. set a pattern to be followed подавать пример; создавать пример для подражания
    8. VIII
    set smb., smth. doing smth. set everybody (the company, people, me, etc.) thinking (singing, running, etc.) заставить всех и т.д. (при)задуматься и т.д.; set smb. talking а) заставить кого-л. говорить, разговорить кого-л.; I set him talking about the new invention (about the discovery, about marriage, etc.) я навел его на разговор о новом изобретении и т.д.; б) дать кому-л. пищу для разговоров; this incident set people talking этот случай /инцидент/ вызвал всякие пересуды; my jokes set the whole table (the company, the audience, the boys, etc.) laughing мой шутки смешили всех за столом и т.д.; set them wondering вызвать у них удивление; the smoke set her coughing от дыма она закашлялась; who has set the dog barking? кто там прошел?, почему лает собака?; set tongues wagging вызывать толки /пересуды/, давать пищу для сплетен; the news set my heart beating эта новость заставила мое сердце забиться; it's time we set the machinery (the machine, the engine, etc.) going пора запустить механизм и т.д. /привести механизм и т.д. в действие/; when anybody entered the device set the bell ringing когда кто-нибудь входил, срабатывало устройство и звонок начинал звонить; а strong wind set the bells ringing от сильного ветра колокола зазвонили; set a top spinning запускать волчок; а false step will set stones rolling один неверный шаг set и камни покатятся вниз; set a plan going начать осуществление плана; we must set things going надо начинать действовать
    9. XI
    1) be set in (near, round, on, etc.) smth. her house is set well back in the garden (near the road, some way back from the street, on a hill, etc.) ее дом стоит а глубине сада и т.д.; а town (a country-seat, a village, etc.) is set in a woodland (on an island, north of /from/ London, etc.) город и т.д. расположен в лесистой местности и т.д.; а boundary stone is set between two fields поля разделяет межевой камень; а balcony is set round the house вокруг дома идет балкон; the second act (the scene, the play, etc.) is set in ancient Rome (in a street, in Paris, etc.) действие второго акта и т.д. происходит в древнем Риме и т.д.; а screen is set in a wall экран вделан /вмонтирован/ в стену; there was a little door set in a wall в стене была маленькая дверка; а ruby (a diamond, etc.) was set in a buckle (in a gold ring, in an earring, etc.) в пряжку и т.д. был вделан /вставлен/ рубин и т.д.; а ruby is set in gold рубин в золотой оправе /оправлен золотом/; his blue eyes are set deep in a white face на его бледном лице глубоко посажены голубые глаза; the young plants should be set at intervals of six inches эти молодые растения надо сажать на расстоянии шести дюймов [друг от друга]; be set with smth. the coast is set with modem resorts на побережье раскинулось множество современных курортов; the tops of the wall were set with broken glass верхний край стены был утыкан битым стеклом; the room is set with tables and chairs комната заставлена столами и стульями; tables were set with little sprays of blue flowers столы были украшены маленькими букетиками синих цветов: the field was set with daisies поле было усеяно маргаритками; the sky was set with stars небо было усыпано звездами; а bracelet (a ring, a crown, a sword-handle, a valuable ornament, etc.) was set with diamonds (with jewels, with gems, with rubies, with pearls, with precious stones, etc.) браслет и т.д. был украшен /усыпан/ бриллиантами и т.д.; а gold ring set with two fine pearls золотое кольцо с двумя большими жемчужинами
    3) be set on smth., smb. he (his mind, his heart) was set on it ему этого очень хотелось; his heart was set on her a) он любил лишь ее; б) все его помыслы были связаны с ней; be set on doing smth. be set on going to the stage (on coming here again, etc.) твердо решить пойти на сцену и т.д.; be set on going to the sea окончательно решить стать моряком; be set on having a motor bike (on winning, on finding him, etc.) поставить своей целью приобрести мотоцикл и т.д.; be set against smth.,smb. he is set against all reforms (against having electric light in the house, against this marriage, against the trip, etc.) он решительно [настроен] против всяких реформ и т.д.; he is set against her он и слышать о ней не хочет; be set against doing smth. he was violently set against meeting her он упорно отказывался встретиться /от встречи/ с ней /противился встрече с ней/
    4) be set on by smb. she was set on by robbers (by a lot of roughs in the dark, by a dog, etc.) на нее напали грабители и т.д.
    5) be set the table is set стол накрыт; the sails are set паруса подняты; be set for smb., smth. the table is set for six стол накрыт на шесть человек /персон/; the table is set for dinner (for lunch, etc.) стол накрыт к обеду и т.д.; be set in some state slaves (prisoners, hostages, etc.) were set free /at liberty/ рабы и т.д. были освобождены /отпущены на волю/; this must be set in order a) это надо привести в порядок; б) это надо разместить /разложить/ по порядку; the motor was set in motion включили мотор
    6) be set at some time the mortar is already set цемент уже схватился /затвердел/; the jelly is not set yet желе еще не застыло; has the type for the book been set yet? эту книгу уже набрали?; it was all set now теперь все было готово /подготовлено/; be set in some manner his lips (his jaws, his teeth) were firmly set in an effort to control himself он плотно сжал губы (челюсти, зубы), пытаясь овладеть собой; his mind and character are completely set он вполне сформировался /сложился/ как личность; be set to do smth. be set to go there быть готовым пойти туда; two pumps (machines, wheels, etc.) were set to work два насоса и т.д. были включены /приведены в действие/; be set for smth. be set for the talk (for the meeting, for the game, for the journey, etc.) быть готовым к разговору и т.д.; the scene is set for the tragedy (for the drama, for the climax, etc.) события (в книге, в пьесе и т.п.) подводят /подготавливают/ (читателя, зрителя и т.п.) к трагедии и т.д.; he was all set for a brilliant career у него были все задатки для блестящей карьеры
    7) be set over smb. he was set over people ему была дана власть над людьми; he was set over his rivals его ставили выше его соперников
    8) be set against smth. one's expenses must be set against the amount received расходы следует соразмерить с доходами; the advantages must be set against the disadvantages надо учесть все плюсы и минусы; against these gains must be set the loss of prestige оценивая эти выгоды, нельзя забывать об ущербе в связи с потерей престижа; it's no good when theory is set against practice плохо, когда теорию противопоставляют практике; when one language is set against another... когда один язык сравнивают /сопоставляют/ с другим...
    9) be set for some time the examination (the voting, his departure, etc.) is set for today (for May 2, etc.) экзамен и т.д. назначен на сегодня и т.д., the party is all set for Monday at my place решено вечеринку провести в понедельник у меня; the time and date of the meeting have not yet been set дата и время собрания еще не установлены; be set by smth., smb. rules (standards, terms, fees, etc.) are set by a committee (by the law, by the headmaster, etc.) правила и т.д. устанавливаются комиссией и т.д.
    10) be set the list of questions is set список вопросов /вопросник/ составлен; be set for smth. what subjects have been set for the examination next year? какие предметы включены в экзамен на будущий год? || be set to music быть положенным на музыку
    11) be set in smth. the editorial was set in boldface type передовая была набрана жирным шрифтом
    10. XII
    have smth. set we have everything set у нас все готово /подготовлено/; the ship has her sails set корабль поднял паруса; have a place set for a guest поставить прибор для гостя
    11. XIII
    set to do smth. set to dig the garden (to write letters, etc.) начать вскапывать сад и т.д.; the engineers set to repair the bridge инженеры приступили к ремонту моста
    12. XVI
    1) set behind (in, on, etc.) smth. the sun sets behind the western range of mountains солнце садится за горной грядой на западе; the sun sets in the sea солнце садится в море; the sun never sets on our country над нашей страной никогда не заходит солнце; set at (in) smth. the sun sets at five o'clock (in the evening, etc.) солнце заходит в пять часов и т.д.
    2) set against (to, from, etc.) smth. set against the wind (against the current) двигаться, направляться (идти, плыть и т.п.) против ветра (против течения); set against the tide идти против прилива; the wind sets from the south (from the west, from the north-east, etc.) ветер дует с юга и т.д.: the current sets to the west (to the south, through the channel, through the straits, etc.) течение идет на запад и т.д.; the tide has set in his favour ему начинает везти
    3) set against (with) smth., smb. public opinion is setting against this proposal (against this plan, against his visit, against him, etc.) общественное мнение складывается не в пользу этого предложения и т.д.; circumstances were setting with our plan (with him, etc.) обстоятельства складывались благоприятно для осуществления нашего плана и т.д.
    4) set about (upon, on, to) smth. set about the study of mineralogy (about the composition, about it, about one's washing, about one's work, etc.) приниматься /браться/ за изучение минералогии и т.д.; I don't know how to set about this job не знаю, как приступить /как подступиться/ к этой работе; they set upon the task unwillingly они неохотно взялись за выполнение этой задачи; set to work in earnest, set seriously to work серьезно браться за работу; set to work on the problem приняться за работу над этой проблемой; set to work on one's studies начать заниматься, приняться за учение
    5) set up (on) smb. set upon the enemy атаковать противника; а gang of ruffians set on him на него напала шайка хулиганов; they set upon him with blows они набросились на него с кулаками; they set upon us with arguments они обрушились на нас со своими доводами; set about /at/ smb. coll. set about the boys (about the stranger, about the supporters of the other team, at the bully, etc.) набрасываться /налетать, наскакивать/ на мальчишек и т.д.; they set about each other at once они сразу же сцепились друг с другом /начали колошматить друг друга/; I'd set about you myself if I could я бы сам отколотил тебя, если бы мог; I'd set about him with a stick (with the butt of the spade, etc.) if we have any trouble если что [не так], я стукну его палкой и т.д.
    6) set in smth. cement soon sets in dry weather (in the cold, in the sun, etc.) в сухую погоду /когда сухо,/ и т.д. цемент быстро затвердевает /застывает/
    13. XVII
    set about (to) doing smth. set about getting dinner ready (about tidying up the room, about doing one's lessons, about stamp-collecting, late.) приниматься за обед /за приготовление обеда/ и т.д.; I must. set about my packing мне надо [начать] укладываться; he asked me how lie should set about learning German он спросил меня, с чего ему начать изучение немецкого языка; set to arguing (to fighting, to quarrelling. etc.) начинать /приниматься/ спорить и т.д.; they set to packing они стали упаковываться
    14. XXI1
    1) set smth., smb. on (at, against, in, before, for, etc.) smth., smb. set dishes (a lamp, one's glass, etc.) on the table поставить тарелки и т.д. на стол; set a place for the guest поставить прибор для гостя; set food and drink (wine and nuts, meat, a dish, etc.) before guests (before travellers, etc.) поставить еду и напитки и т.д. перед гостями и т.д.; set a table by the window (an armchair before a desk, a floor-lamp beside an armchair, etc.) поставить стол у окна и т.д.; set chairs around (at) a table расставлять стулья вокруг (у) стола; set a ladder (a bicycle, a stick, etc.) against a wall прислонить /приставить/ лестницу и т.д. к стене; set one's hand on smb.'s shoulder положить руку кому-л. на плечо; set a hand against the door опереться рукой о дверь; set smb. on his feet поставить кого-л. на ноги
    2) set smth., smb. in (by, on, upon, etc.) smth. set things in their place again вернуть /положить/ вещи на место; set flowers in the water (in a vase, etc.) поставить цветы в воду и т.д.; set glass in a window вставлять стекло в окно; set lamps in 'walls вделывать светильники в стены; set one's foot in the stirrup вставить ногу в стремя; set the stake in the ground вкопать столб в землю; set a pearl (a jewel, a diamond, etc.) in gold оправлять жемчужину и т.д. в золото; set smb. by the fire усадить кого-л. у огня: set a child in a high chair посадить ребенка ка высокий стул; set smb. in the dock посадить кого-л. на скамью подсудимых; set a wheel on an axle насадить колесо на ось: set a hen on eggs, set eggs under a hen посадить курицу на яйца; set a boy on horseback подсадить мальчика на лошадь; set smb. on the pedestal поставить /возвести/ кого-л. на пьедестал; set troops on shore высадить войска [на берег]; set one's foot oil a step поставить ногу на ступеньку; set foot on shore ступить на берег; I'll never set foot on your threshold я никогда не переступлю порог вашего дома; set a crown on his head возложить на него корону; set a king on the throne посадить короля на трон; set a kiss upon smb.'s hand приложиться к чьей-л. руке; set smth. with smth. set the top of the wall with broken glass утыкать верхнюю часть стены битым стеклом; set this bed with tulips (with geraniums, etc.) засадить эту клумбу тюльпанами и т.д. || set eyes on smb., smth. увидеть кого-л что-л., I never set eyes on him before today до сегодняшнего дня я его в глаза не видел; that child wants everything he sets his eyes on этому ребенку вынь, да положь все, что он видит
    3) set smth. to smth. set a glass (a trumpet, etc.) to one's lips, set one's lips to a glass (to a trumpet, etc.) подносить стакан и т.д. к губам /ко рту/; set a match (a lighter) to a cigarette (to old papers, to a fire, etc.) подносить спичку (зажигалку) к сигарете и т.д.; set one's shoulder to the door налечь плечом на дверь; set spurs to a horse пришпорить лошадь
    4) set smb. across smth. set him across the river переправлять его через реку /на другой берег/; set a child across the street перевести ребенка на другую сторону улицы /через улицу/; set smth. by smth. set a ship by the compass вести корабль по компасу; set smth. against (to ward(s), to) smth. set the boat against the wind (against the current) направлять лодку против ветра и т.д.; set one's course to the south направляться на юг; set one's face toward the east (toward home, towards the sun, etc.) повернуться лицом к востоку и т.д.; set smb. after (at, on, etc.) smb., smth. set the police (detectives, etc.) after /on the track of/ the criminal (on her, after the spies, etc.) направлять полицию и т.д. по следу преступника и т.д.; set the boys on the wrong (right) track направлять мальчишек по ложному (по правильному) следу; set a dog at a hare (at a fox, at a bull, at his heels, etc.) пустить собаку по следу зайца и т.д.; set dogs on a stranger (on a trespasser, on thieves, etc.) спустить собак на незнакомца и т.д. || set sail for India отплывать /направляться/ в Индию
    5) set smb. against (on, to, etc.) smb., smth. set people against each other (a friend against another, everyone against him, etc.) настраивать людей друг против друга и т.д.; he is trying to set you against me он старается восстановить вас против меня; set oneself against the proposal (against the scheme, against the decision, against his nomination, against him, etc.) был настроенным /выступать/ против этого предложения и т.д.; set the crowd on acts of violence (the crew to mutiny, soldiers to violence, people to robbery, etc.) подстрекать толпу на совершение актов насилия /к насилию/ и т.д.; set smth. against smth. set one thing against another противопоставлять одно другому; set one language against another сопоставлять /сравнивать/ один язык с другим; set smth. on smth. set one's heart /one's mind/ on the trip твердо настроиться на эту поездку; set one's heart on a new dress (on a new car, etc.) жаждать /очень хотеть/ купить новое платье и т.д.; he set his thoughts on the plan все его помыслы направлены на осуществление этого плана || set him at odds with his friends рассорить его с друзьями
    6) set smb., smth. to smth. set the class (the boys, him, etc.) to work (to a task, to sums, to dictation, etc.) засадить класс и т.д. за работу и т.д.; set one's mind /one's wits/ to a question (to a task, to a job, etc.) сосредоточиться на каком-л. вопросе и т.д.; you won't find the work difficult if only you set your mind to it если вы серьезно возьметесь за дело, работа не покажется вам трудной; set one's hand to the work (to the task, to the plough, etc.) взяться за работу и т.д.; he set himself resolutely to the task он решительно взялся за выполнение задачи; set а реп to' paper начать писать, взяться за перо; set smth. before smb. set a task (an object) before him поставить перед ним задачу
    7) set smth., smb. т (on, at, to) smth. set one's affairs (one's papers, one's house, a room, etc.) in order /to rights/ приводить свои дела и т.д. в порядок; set a machine in motion запустить машину; set the project in motion начинать работу над объектом; set the machinery of the government in motion приводить государственную машину в движение; set a chain reaction in motion вызвать цепную реакцию; his jokes set the audience (the table, the whole room, etc.) in a roar от его шуток вся аудитория и т.д. покатывалась со смеху; set smb. on his guard настораживать кого-л.; set smb. (smb.'s guests, the boy, smb.'s mind, etc.) at ease успокаивать кого-л. и т.д.; he set the girl at ease с ним девушке стало легко /девушка почувствовала себя свободно/; а host should try and set his guests at ease хозяин должен стараться, чтобы его гости чувствовали себя свободно /как дома/: now you may set your mind at ease теперь вы можете перестать волноваться /не волноваться/; set a question (the affair, the matter, etc.) at rest разрешить /урегулировать/ вопрос и т.д.; that sets all my doubts at rest это рассеивает все мои сомнения; set prisoners at liberty освобождать заключенных
    8) set smth. for smth. set the table for dinner (for five people, for two, etc.) накрыть стол к обеду и т.д.; set the stage for the next scene in a play подготовить сцену для следующей картины [в пьесе]; set the scene for talks подготовить условия /создать благоприятную обстановку/ для переговоров; set smth. by smth. set one's watch by the radio timesignal (by the town clock, by the clock in the library, by mine, etc.) ставить /сверять/ часы по радиосигналу и т.д.; set smth. to (for, at) smth. set the clock (the hands of the clock) to the correct time (to the proper hour of the day, etc.) точно поставить часы и т.д.; set the alarm for 5 o'clock (the camera lens to infinity, a thermostat at 70°, etc.) поставить будильник на пять часов и т.д.
    9) set smb., smth. at (in, он, etc.) smth. set a guard (a sentry, etc.) at the door (at the gate, at the corner of the street, in the nearest village, on the hill, etc.) поставить сторожа /часового/ и т.д. у дверей и т.д.; set pickets around the camp выставлять дозорных вокруг лагеря
    10) set smb., smth. over (before, among, etc.) smb., smth. set him over others (a supervisor over the new workers, etc.) назначать его начальником над остальными и т.д.; set Vergil before Homer отдавать предпочтение Вергилию перед Гомером, ставить Вергилия выше Гомера; set the author among the greatest writers of today (the painter among the best artists of the world, the team among the strongest teams of Europe, etc.) считать автора одним из крупнейших писателей современности и т.д.; set duty before pleasure ставить долг выше удовольствий /на первое место/; set honesty above everything (diamonds above rubies, etc.) ценить честность превыше всего и т.д., his intelligence (his talent, his character, etc.) sets him apart from others (from ordinary people, from the normal run of people, etc.) его ум и т.д. выделяют его среди других и т.д.; her bright red hair sets her apart from her sisters из всех сестер у нее одной были ярко-рыжие волосы
    11) set smth. at smth. set the price (the value of the canvas, etc.) at t 1000 оценить / назначить, определить цену/ и т.д. в тысячу фунтов; set bail at i 500 установить сумму залога в пятьсот фунтов; set neatness at a high value очень ценить аккуратность, придавать большое значение опрятности; set smth. for smth. set a time for a meeting назначать время собрания; set the rules for a contest вырабатывать правила состязания; set the lesson for tomorrow задавать урок на завтра; set smth. to /for /smth. set limits to smb.'s power (to his extravagance, to his demands, etc.) ограничивать чью-л. власть и т.д., устанавливать предел чьей-л. власти и т.д.; he sets no limit to his ambition его честолюбие не знает предела; set a time-limit for examination установить продолжительность экзамена; set a time-limit for debates установить регламент для выступления в прениях; set a record for the mile устанавливать рекорд в беге на одну милю; set an end to it положить этому конец; set smth. on smth., smb. set a high value on life (on punctuality, etc.) высоко ценить жизнь и т.д.; set a punishment on smb. налагать наказание на кого-л., определять кому-л. меру наказания; set a price on smb.'s head /on smb.'s life/ назначить награду за чью-л. голову /за чью-л. жизнь/; set smth. at some time set the death of the man at midnight установить, что смерть этого человека наступила в полночь || set much store by smth. придавать большее значение чему-л.; set much store by social position (by daily exercise, by what the neighbours say, by the opinion of people like him, etc.) придавать большое значение общественному положению и т.д.
    12) set smth. for (in, to, etc.) smth. set papers for the examination составлять экзаменационные работы; set new questions (problems, etc.) in an examination подготовить новые вопросы и т.д. для экзамена; set the words (this poem, etc.) to music положить эти слова и т.д. на музыку; set new words to an old tune сочинить новые слова на старый мотив; set Othello to music а) написать музыку к "Отелло"; б) написать /сочинить/ оперу "Отелло"; set a piece of music for the violin переложить музыкальное произведение для скрипки
    13) set smth. before smb. set a plan (facts, one's theory, one's proposals, etc.) before the council (before the chief, before experts, etc.) изложить совету /представить на рассмотрение совета/ и т.д. план и т.д.
    14) set smth. to smth. set one's name /one's signature, one's hand/ to a document подписать документ; set a seal to the decree скрепить указ печатью; set smth. on smth. set a veto on smth. накладывать запрет на что-л.
    15) set smth. on (in) smth., smb. set one's life on a chance рисковать жизнью в надежде на удачу; set one's future on a chance строить планы на будущее в расчете на счастливое стечение обстоятельств; set hopes on a chance (on him, on his uncle, etc.) надеяться /возлагать надежды/ на случай и т.д.
    16) set smth. for smb. set a snare for a fox поставить капкан на лису; set poison for rats разложить отраву для крыс
    17) set smth. for smth. set milk for cheese ставить молоко на творог, створаживать молоко
    18) || set fire to a house (to a barn, etc.) поджигать дом и т.д.; set the woods (a woodpile, etc.) on fire поджигать лес и т.д.
    15. XXII
    1) set smth. on doing smth. set one's heart /one's hopes, one's mind, one's thoughts/ on becoming an engineer (on going with us, on going abroad, etc.) очень хотеть /стремиться/ стать инженером и т.д.; I set my heart on going today я решил ехать сегодня; he sets his hopes on getting on in life он очень надеется преуспеть в жизни /добиться в жизни успеха/; if he once sets his mind on doing something it takes a lot to dissuade him если он настроился на что-либо, его очень трудно отговорить
    2) set smb. to doing smth. set him to woodchopping поставить его на колку дров, заставить его колоть дрова; set her to thinking заставить ее задуматься; set a child to crying довести ребенка до слез; he set himself to amusing me он изо всех сил старался развлечь меня
    16. XXIV1
    set smth. as smth. set education (money, revenge, etc.) as one's goal /as one's aim, as one's object, as one's purpose, as one's task/ поставить себе целью получить образование в т.д.

    English-Russian dictionary of verb phrases > set

  • 3 zetten

    1 [doen zitten] seat
    2 [plaatsen] set ⇒ put, 〈 een zet doen〉 move
    3 [bepalen] set
    4 [aannemen] make ⇒ put on
    5 [bereiden] make 〈 koffie, thee〉
    6 [met kracht beginnen] set to
    7 [opwekken] set
    8 [in de vereiste stand brengen] put ⇒ set 〈 gebroken beenderen〉
    9 [zijn vaste vorm krijgen] set
    10 [drukwezen] compose
    11 [arrangeren] arrange
    12 [verwedden] put
    ♦voorbeelden:
    2   enkele stappen zetten • take a few steps
         zich aan tafel zetten • sit down at table
         eruit zetten • eject, evict, throw out
         opzij zetten • put/set aside; lay away 〈 goederen〉; 〈 figuurlijk〉 table, discard, scrap
         alle conventies opzij zetten • set aside all conventions, be unconventional
         〈 figuurlijk〉 dit even opzij gezet • leaving this aside
         zet je auto aan de kant • pull up at the side
         iemand achter de tralies zetten • put someone behind bars
         een edelsteen in goud zetten • set a jewel in gold
         het eten op tafel zetten • serve dinner
         〈 computer〉 informatie op schijf zetten • enter data on a disk
         een schip op het land zetten • run a ship ashore
         〈 figuurlijk〉 zich over iets heen zetten • get over something
         een ladder tegen de muur zetten • set a ladder against a wall
         zet dat maar uit je hoofd! • get that out of your head
         iemand uit een vereniging zetten • drop someone from a club
         in elkaar zetten • 〈 machine〉 fit/put together, assemble something; 〈 vlug of slordig〉 knock together; 〈 plannetje〉 contrive, think up
    4   zij zette een verbaasd gezicht • her face registered surprise
    6   vaart zetten • steam ahead
         het op een lopen zetten • (make a) run for it
         het op een zuipen zetten • hit the bottle
    7   het nieuws zette hem aan het denken • the news made him think
    10  letters zetten • compose/set type
         het zetten • typesetting, composing
    11  een pianosonate zetten voor orkest • arrange a piano sonata for orchestra
    12  geld zetten op een renpaard • put money on a race
         ik zet er vijf pond op (dat) • I bet you five pounds (that)
    ¶   zet de muziek harder/zachter • turn up/down the music
         dat kan zij niet zetten • she can't stomach that
         zich ergens toe zetten • put one's mind to something

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > zetten

  • 4 een edelsteen in goud zetten

    een edelsteen in goud zetten

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > een edelsteen in goud zetten

  • 5 montar

    v.
    1 to assemble (ensamblar) (máquina, estantería).
    2 to set up (organizar) (negocio, piso).
    3 to ride.
    María monta el caballo Mary mounts the horse.
    4 to whip (cooking) (nata). (peninsular Spanish)
    5 to stage (Teatro).
    6 to edit (Cine).
    7 to get on.
    montar en to get onto; (subir) to get into; (vehículo) to mount (animal)
    8 to ride (ir montado).
    montar en bicicleta/a caballo to ride a bicycle/a horse
    9 to mount, to assemble, to pitch.
    María montó la tarima Mary mounted the dais.
    10 to organize, to put together.
    * * *
    1 (subir - caballo, bicicleta) to mount, get on; (- coche) to get in; (- avión) to get on, board
    2 (viajar) to travel; (cabalgar, ir en bicicleta) to ride
    ■ ¿sabes montar a caballo/en bicicleta? can you ride a horse/bicycle?
    1 (subir - caballo) to mount, get on
    2 (subir - persona) to put on
    3 (ensamblar) to assemble, put together; (tienda de campaña) to put up
    4 (fusil) to cock
    5 (sobreponer) to overlap
    6 (nata) to whip; (claras) to whisk
    7 (joyas) to set
    8 (negocio, consulta) to set up, start
    9 (casa) to set up
    10 CINEMATOGRAFÍA to edit, mount
    11 TEATRO to stage
    12 COMERCIO to amount to, come to
    1 (subirse) to get on; (- en un coche) to get in; (- en un caballo) to mount, get on
    2 familiar (armarse) to break out
    \
    montar a pelo to ride bareback
    montar en cólera to fly into a rage
    montar guardia to stand guard
    montárselo familiar to set oneself up, get things nicely worked out
    ■ hay que ver cómo te lo montas you've got things nicely worked out, you certainly do all right for yourself
    tanto monta it makes no difference
    * * *
    verb
    3) establish, set up
    5) whip
    •
    - montar en bicicleta
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=cabalgar) to ride
    2) (=subir)

    montar a algn en o sobre algo — to lift sb onto sth, sit sb on sth

    se lo montó sobre las rodillas — she lifted him onto her knees, she sat him on her knees

    3) (Téc) [+ estantería, ventana] to assemble, put together; [+ coche] to assemble; [+ tienda de campaña] to put up, pitch
    4) (=instalar) [+ consulta, oficina] to set up, open; [+ galería de arte, tienda] to open; [+ campamento, espectáculo] to set up; [+ exposición] to set up, mount

    montar un negocio — to set up o start up a business

    5) (=engarzar) [+ joya] to set; [+ pistola] to cock; [+ reloj, resorte] to wind, wind up
    6) (Fot) [+ foto, diapositiva] to mount
    7) (=organizar) [+ operación] to mount; [+ sistema de control] to put into operation
    8) Esp
    * (=crear)

    montar una bronca o un escándalo — to kick up a fuss/scandal *

    ¡menudo escándalo se montó con lo de la boda! — what a fuss they kicked up about that wedding! *

    montar un número o un show — to make a scene

    9) (=solapar)
    10) (Cine) [+ película] to edit
    11) (Teat) [+ decorado] to put up; [+ obra] to stage, put on

    montaron la obra con muy bajo presupuesto — they staged o put on the play on a small budget

    12) Esp (Culin) [+ nata] to whip; [+ clara] to whisk, beat

    montar la clara a punto de nieve — to whisk o beat the egg white until stiff

    13) (=aparear) (Zool) [+ yegua, vaca] to mount; [+ persona] *** to mount ***
    14) (Cos) [+ puntos] to cast on
    2. VI
    1) (=ir a caballo) to ride

    ¿tú montas bien a caballo? — do you ride well?

    2) (=subirse)
    a) [a un caballo] to get on, mount

    ayúdame a montar — help me up, help me to get on o to mount

    b) [en un vehículo]

    montar en avión — to fly, travel by air o by plane

    montar en bicicleta — to ride a bicycle, cycle

    cólera 1., 1)
    3) (Econ) (=sumar) [factura, gastos] to amount to, come to

    el total monta (a) 2.500 euros — the total amounts o comes to 2,500 euros

    - tanto monta monta tanto, Isabel como Fernando

    tanto monta que vengas o no — it makes no difference o it's all the same whether you come or not

    4) (=solapar)

    montar sobre algo — to overlap sth, cover part of sth

    el mapa monta sobre el texto — the map overlaps the text, the map covers part of the text

    3.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) < caballo> ( subirse a) to mount, get on; ( ir sobre) to ride
    b) (subir, colocar)
    2) <vaca/yegua> to mount
    3)
    a) (poner, establecer) <feria/exposición> to set up; < negocio> to start up, set up
    b) <máquina/mueble> to assemble; < estantería> to put up

    ¿me ayudas a montar la tienda de campaña? — can you help me to put up o pitch the tent?

    c) < piedra preciosa> to set; < diapositiva> to mount
    d) ( organizar) <obra/producción> to stage

    montar un número or lío or escándalo — (Esp) to make o cause a scene

    4)
    a) < puntos> to cast on
    b) < pistola> to cock
    5) (Esp) < nata> to whip; < claras> to whisk
    2.
    montar vi
    1)
    a) (ir)

    montar a caballo/en bicicleta — to ride a horse/bicycle

    b) (Equ) to mount
    3) (sumar, importar)
    3.
    montarse v pron
    1) ( en un coche) to get in; (en un tren, autobús) to get on; ( en un caballo) to mount, get on

    ¿me dejas montarme en tu bicicleta? — can I have a ride on your bicycle?

    2) ( arreglárselas) (Esp fam)
    * * *
    = mount, stage, put on, assemble, orchestrate, set up, put together, ride.
    Ex. There are now over 2000 data bases mounted on a number of computers spread at various locations throughout the world.
    Ex. Book shops also participated by staging similar special features.
    Ex. A book fair cannot be put on at a few days' notice.
    Ex. This article describes step by step how to obtain the parts necessary to build a generic computer and how to assemble them into a working computer.
    Ex. Change is needed and inevitable but it must be orchestrated by the national library.
    Ex. The reference service is set up next to, on in the case of small units, in the reading room.
    Ex. The way in which this scheme is put together in book form often causes some confusion at first.
    Ex. I suppose my biggest piece of advice for riding at night would be to practice a little before you actually go off-road.
    ----
    * montar a caballo = horseback riding, horse riding, ride + a horse.
    * montar a la amazona = ride + side-saddle.
    * montar a la inglesa = ride + side-saddle.
    * montar bulla = kick up + a fuss, raise + a stink, make + a stink (about).
    * montar en bici = bike, ride + a bike.
    * montar en bicicleta = biking, cycle, ride + a bike.
    * montar en bicicleta de montaña = mountain biking.
    * montar en monopatín = skateboarding.
    * montar en moto = bike.
    * montar nata = whip + cream.
    * montar + Posesivo + propio negocio = set + Reflexivo + up in business.
    * montarse = hop on.
    * montarse en = board.
    * montarse en cólera = throw + a tantrum, throw + a fit, throw + a hissy fit, spit + feathers, lose + Posesivo + temper.
    * montarse en el autobús = get on + the bus.
    * montarse en un barco = board + ship.
    * montarse en + Vehículo = ride + Vehículo.
    * montar una base de datos = mount + database.
    * montar una exposición = mount + display, mount + exhibition, put on + display, put on + exhibition.
    * montar un cirio = kick up + a fuss, kick up + a stink, raise + a stink, make + a stink (about), make + a racket, make + a row, make + a ruckus, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row.
    * montar un espectáculo = put on + show.
    * montar un follón = raise + a stink, make + a stink (about), make + a racket, make + a row, make + a ruckus.
    * montar un numerito = kick up + a fuss.
    * montar un número = kick up + a fuss, kick up + a stink, raise + a stink, make + a stink (about), make + a racket, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row.
    * montar bulla = kick up + a stink.
    * montar un servicio = mount + service.
    * pantalones de montar = riding breeches, jodhpurs.
    * silla de montar = saddle, saddle point.
    * volver a montar = reassemble [re-assemble].
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) < caballo> ( subirse a) to mount, get on; ( ir sobre) to ride
    b) (subir, colocar)
    2) <vaca/yegua> to mount
    3)
    a) (poner, establecer) <feria/exposición> to set up; < negocio> to start up, set up
    b) <máquina/mueble> to assemble; < estantería> to put up

    ¿me ayudas a montar la tienda de campaña? — can you help me to put up o pitch the tent?

    c) < piedra preciosa> to set; < diapositiva> to mount
    d) ( organizar) <obra/producción> to stage

    montar un número or lío or escándalo — (Esp) to make o cause a scene

    4)
    a) < puntos> to cast on
    b) < pistola> to cock
    5) (Esp) < nata> to whip; < claras> to whisk
    2.
    montar vi
    1)
    a) (ir)

    montar a caballo/en bicicleta — to ride a horse/bicycle

    b) (Equ) to mount
    3) (sumar, importar)
    3.
    montarse v pron
    1) ( en un coche) to get in; (en un tren, autobús) to get on; ( en un caballo) to mount, get on

    ¿me dejas montarme en tu bicicleta? — can I have a ride on your bicycle?

    2) ( arreglárselas) (Esp fam)
    * * *
    = mount, stage, put on, assemble, orchestrate, set up, put together, ride.

    Ex: There are now over 2000 data bases mounted on a number of computers spread at various locations throughout the world.

    Ex: Book shops also participated by staging similar special features.
    Ex: A book fair cannot be put on at a few days' notice.
    Ex: This article describes step by step how to obtain the parts necessary to build a generic computer and how to assemble them into a working computer.
    Ex: Change is needed and inevitable but it must be orchestrated by the national library.
    Ex: The reference service is set up next to, on in the case of small units, in the reading room.
    Ex: The way in which this scheme is put together in book form often causes some confusion at first.
    Ex: I suppose my biggest piece of advice for riding at night would be to practice a little before you actually go off-road.
    * montar a caballo = horseback riding, horse riding, ride + a horse.
    * montar a la amazona = ride + side-saddle.
    * montar a la inglesa = ride + side-saddle.
    * montar bulla = kick up + a fuss, raise + a stink, make + a stink (about).
    * montar en bici = bike, ride + a bike.
    * montar en bicicleta = biking, cycle, ride + a bike.
    * montar en bicicleta de montaña = mountain biking.
    * montar en monopatín = skateboarding.
    * montar en moto = bike.
    * montar nata = whip + cream.
    * montar + Posesivo + propio negocio = set + Reflexivo + up in business.
    * montarse = hop on.
    * montarse en = board.
    * montarse en cólera = throw + a tantrum, throw + a fit, throw + a hissy fit, spit + feathers, lose + Posesivo + temper.
    * montarse en el autobús = get on + the bus.
    * montarse en un barco = board + ship.
    * montarse en + Vehículo = ride + Vehículo.
    * montar una base de datos = mount + database.
    * montar una exposición = mount + display, mount + exhibition, put on + display, put on + exhibition.
    * montar un cirio = kick up + a fuss, kick up + a stink, raise + a stink, make + a stink (about), make + a racket, make + a row, make + a ruckus, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row.
    * montar un espectáculo = put on + show.
    * montar un follón = raise + a stink, make + a stink (about), make + a racket, make + a row, make + a ruckus.
    * montar un numerito = kick up + a fuss.
    * montar un número = kick up + a fuss, kick up + a stink, raise + a stink, make + a stink (about), make + a racket, make + a row, make + a ruckus, kick up + a row.
    * montar bulla = kick up + a stink.
    * montar un servicio = mount + service.
    * pantalones de montar = riding breeches, jodhpurs.
    * silla de montar = saddle, saddle point.
    * volver a montar = reassemble [re-assemble].

    * * *
    montar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹caballo› (subirse a) to mount, get on; (ir sobre) to ride
    montaron sus corceles y salieron al galope ( liter); they mounted their steeds and galloped off ( liter)
    montaba un precioso alazán she was riding a beautiful sorrel
    ¿quieres montar mi caballo? do you want to ride my horse?
    2
    (subir, colocar): montó al niño en el poni he lifted the boy up onto the pony
    B
    1 ‹vaca/yegua› to mount
    2 ( vulg); ‹mujer› to screw ( vulg)
    C
    1 (poner, establecer) ‹feria/exposición› to set up
    ha montado un bar en el centro she has opened a bar in the center
    piensa montar un negocio con el dinero she's planning to start up o set up a business with the money
    todos los años montan una exposición del trabajo de los niños every year they put on o hold o stage an exhibition of the children's work
    2 ‹máquina/mueble› to assemble; ‹estantería› to put up
    ¿me ayudas a montar la tienda de campaña? can you help me to put up o pitch the tent?
    montaban unas viviendas prefabricadas they were putting up o erecting some prefabricated houses
    venden las piezas sueltas y tú las tienes que montar the parts are sold separately and you have to put them together o assemble them
    3 ‹piedra preciosa› to set; ‹diapositiva› to mount
    brillantes montados sobre oro de 18 kilates diamonds set in 18 carat gold
    4 (organizar) ‹obra/producción› to stage
    la operación se montó con el mayor sigilo the operation was mounted in the utmost secrecy
    D
    1 ‹puntos› to cast on
    2 ‹pistola› to cock
    E ( Esp) ‹nata› to whip; ‹claras› to whisk
    ■ montar
    vi
    A
    1
    (ir): montar a caballo/en bicicleta to ride a horse/bicycle
    2 ( Equ) (subir) to get on, mount
    C (sumar, importar) montar A algo to amount TO sth
    la factura monta a más de medio millón the bill comes o amounts to more than half a million
    tanto monta (monta tanto, Isabel como Fernando) ( Esp); it makes no difference, it comes to the same thing
    A (en un coche) to get in; (en un tren, autobús) to get on; (en un caballo) to mount, get on
    ¿me dejas montarme en tu bicicleta? can I have a ride on your bicycle?
    quería montarse en todas las atracciones de la feria he wanted to go on all the rides in the fairground
    ¡qué bien te lo montas! you've got a good thing going ( colloq), you're on to a good thing ( colloq)
    no sé cómo se lo monta, pero siempre acabo perdiendo I don't know how she manages it, but I always end up losing
    ¡ése sí que se lo tiene bien montado! that guy really has it made o is really on to a good thing!
    * * *

     

    montar ( conjugate montar) verbo transitivo
    1

    ( ir sobre) to ride
    b) (subir, colocar):


    2 ‹vaca/yegua› to mount
    3
    a) (poner, establecer) ‹feria/exposición› to set up;

    ‹ negocio› to start up, set up
    b) ‹máquina/mueble› to assemble;

    ‹ estantería› to put up;
    ‹ tienda de campaña› to put up, pitch

    ‹ diapositiva› to mount
    d) ( organizar) ‹obra/producción› to stage

    4 (Esp) ‹ nata› to whip;
    ‹ claras› to whisk
    verbo intransitivo
    1
    a) (ir):

    ◊ montar a caballo/en bicicleta to ride a horse/bicycle

    b) (Equ) to mount

    2 ( cubrir parcialmente) montar SOBRE algo to overlap sth
    montarse verbo pronominal ( en coche) to get in;
    (en tren, autobús, bicicleta) to get on;
    ( en caballo) to mount, get on;
    ◊ ¿me dejas montarme en tu bicicleta? can I have a ride on your bicycle?

    montar
    I verbo intransitivo (subirse) to get in
    (en bici, a caballo) to ride
    II verbo transitivo
    1 (un mueble, un arma) to assemble
    2 (engarzar) to set, mount
    3 (un negocio) to set up, start
    4 Culin to whip
    5 (película) to edit, mount
    (fotografía) to mount
    6 Teat (un espectáculo) to stage, mount
    7 Zool (cubrir) to mount
    8 (causar) montar un escándalo, to kick up a fuss

    ' montar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    bicicleta
    - caballo
    - cirio
    - intríngulis
    - número
    - show
    - silla
    - timba
    - aparejar
    - bota
    - bronca
    - guardia
    - jinetear
    - montado
    - negocio
    - poner
    - tienda
    English:
    assemble
    - bareback
    - do-it-yourself
    - edit
    - fly
    - jodhpurs
    - make up
    - mount
    - piece together
    - put together
    - reassemble
    - ride
    - riding boots
    - riding breeches
    - saddle
    - scene
    - set
    - set up
    - sidesaddle
    - start
    - start up
    - straddle
    - breeches
    - cast
    - cock
    - construct
    - double
    - fuss
    - heavy
    - pitch
    - produce
    - riding
    - stage
    - whip
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [ensamblar] [máquina, estantería, armario] to assemble;
    [tienda de campaña, tenderete, barricada] to put up
    2. Cine [película] to edit
    3. [encajar]
    montar algo en algo to fit sth into sth;
    montar una joya en un anillo to set a jewel in a ring
    4. [organizar] [negocio, empresa] to set up;
    [tienda] to open; [ataque, ofensiva] to mount; [exposición, congreso] to organize; [fiesta] to throw; [obra teatral] to stage;
    han montado un cibercafé cerca de mi casa they've opened a cybercafe near my house;
    montar la casa to set up home
    5. Esp Fam [organizar] [escándalo, jaleo] to make;
    montar ruido to make a noise;
    me montó una escena o [m5] escándalo o [m5] numerito she made a scene in front of me
    6. [cabalgar] to ride
    7. [poner encima]
    montar a alguien en algo to lift sb onto sth
    8. Esp [nata] to whip;
    [claras, yemas] to beat, to whisk
    9. [para criar] [yegua, vaca, cerda] to mount
    10. muy Fam [mujer] to screw
    11. [arma] to cock
    12. Informát [partición] to mount
    13. Ven Fam [alimentos] to get, US to fix
    ♦ vi
    1. [subir] to get on;
    [en automóvil] to get in; [en un animal] to mount;
    montar en [subir a] to get onto;
    [automóvil] to get into; [animal] to mount
    2. [ir cabalgando, conduciendo] to ride;
    ¿sabes montar? [en caballo] can you ride?;
    [en bicicleta] do you know how to ride a bike?;
    montar en bicicleta/a caballo/en burro to ride a bicycle/a horse/a donkey
    3. Esp [sumar]
    montar a to come to, to total;
    ¿a cuánto montan los ingresos? what is the total income?;
    tanto monta (monta tanto, Isabel como Fernando) it's all the same
    4.
    montar en cólera to get angry, to fly into a temper o rage
    * * *
    I v/t
    1 TÉC assemble
    2 tienda put up
    3 negocio set up
    4 TEA stage
    5 película edit
    6 caballo mount;
    montar la guardia mount guard
    II v/i
    :
    montar en bicicleta ride a bicycle;
    montar a caballo ride a horse;
    tanto monta it makes no difference
    * * *
    montar vt
    1) : to mount
    2) establecer: to set up, to establish
    3) armar: to assemble, to put together
    4) : to edit (a film)
    5) : to stage, to put on (a show)
    6) : to cock (a gun)
    7)
    montar en bicicleta : to get on a bicycle
    8)
    montar a caballo cabalgar: to ride horseback
    * * *
    montar vb
    1. (en autobús, tren, avión) to get on
    2. (en un coche) to get in
    3. (a caballo, en bici) to ride [pt. rode; pp. ridden]
    5. (una tienda de campaña) to put up [pt. & pp. put]
    ¿sabes montar la tienda? do you know how to put up the tent?
    6. (un negocio) to set up [pt. & pp. set]
    7. (ensamblar) to assemble
    8. (nata, claras) to whip [pt. & pp. whipped]
    montar un escándalo, un número, etc to make a scene

    Spanish-English dictionary > montar

  • 6 setting

    ˈsetɪŋ сущ.
    1) окружающая обстановка, окружение Syn: site
    2) декорации и костюмы;
    художественное оформление( спектакля)
    3) оправа( камня)
    4) музыка на слова( стихотворения)
    5) сочинение музыки на слова (стихотворения)
    6) заход( солнца)
    7) кладка( каменная)
    8) сгущение, затвердевание, застывание;
    схватывание( цемента)
    9) регулирование, установка;
    пуск в ход
    10) строит. осадка, оседание фундамента оправа - gold * золотая оправа - the * of a jewel оправа драгоценого камня окружение, окружающая обстановка - romantic * романтическая обстановка - to choose a * appropriate in time and place выбрать подходящую обстановку по времени и месту - the geographical * of Japan географическое положение Японии обрамление, фон - a residence with the pretty garden for a * жилище на фоне живописного сада - grey hair made a * for her face седые волосы обрамляли ее лицо - a comic effect is produced by using the word in this * использование этого слова в данном контексте производит комический эффект время и место действия пьесы, фильма, романа и т. п. художественное оформление, постановка( спектакля, кинофильма) ;
    декорация, костюмы переложение слов на музыку или музыки на слова - * to music переложение на музыку музыка на слова (поэтического произведения) аранжировка - * for piano аранжировка /переложение/ для фортепьяно закат, заход ( солнца) (школьное) распределение школьников в зависимости от способностей по классам или группам яйца (на которых сидит наседка) (полиграфия) набор (строительство) кладка обмуровка( котла) (строительство) осадка (фундамента) процесс затвердевания, сгущения (белка, крови и т. п.) схватывание (цемента, бетона) регулировка, установка, настройка посуда для обеденного стола( тарелки, ложки, вилки и т. п.) столовый прибор для одного человека factory ~ вчт. заводская настройка margin ~ вчт. установка полей option ~ вчт. значение параметра setting pres. p. от set ~ декорации и костюмы;
    художественное оформление (спектакля) ~ заход (солнца) ~ кладка (каменная) ~ музыка на слова (стихотворения) ~ назначение цены ~ обстановка ~ окружающая обстановка, окружение ~ оправа (камня) ~ стр. осадка, оседание фундамента ~ регулирование, установка;
    пуск в ход ~ сгущение, затвердевание, застывание;
    схватывание (цемента) ~ сочинение музыки на слова (стихотворения) ~ off зачет требований ~ off судебный зачет ~ up вчт. настройка ~ up основание ~ up открытие ~ up учреждение tabulator ~ вчт. установка позиции табуляции

    Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > setting

  • 7 cofre

    m.
    1 chest, trunk (arca).
    2 jewel box.
    3 coffer, box, ark, trunk.
    4 sea chest.
    5 hood, car's hood, bonnet.
    * * *
    1 (grande) trunk, chest; (pequeño) box, casket
    * * *
    SM (=caja) chest; [para joyas] casket, jewellery o (EEUU) jewelry box, jewel case; Méx (Aut) bonnet, hood (EEUU)
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( joyero) jewel case, jewelry* box
    b) ( baúl - para ropa) trunk; (- para dinero, joyas) chest
    2) (Méx) ( capó) hood (AmE), bonnet (BrE)
    * * *
    = coffin, coffer, treasure chest, casket.
    Ex. Next morning the heap, now damp right through, was set up on one end of the horse (later called the bank), a bench long enough to take two piles of paper end to end, and about as high as the coffin of the press.
    Ex. The organizers announced that the high conference attendance in Glasgow will bring 160,000 Euros into the IFLA coffers -- news to warm the cockles of a parsimonious treasurer's heart.
    Ex. For grades 3-4, children estimate the value of treasure chests filled with gold coins and explore the size and weight of gold bars.
    Ex. For 25 years, this exquisitely enamelled medieval casket had been on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( joyero) jewel case, jewelry* box
    b) ( baúl - para ropa) trunk; (- para dinero, joyas) chest
    2) (Méx) ( capó) hood (AmE), bonnet (BrE)
    * * *
    = coffin, coffer, treasure chest, casket.

    Ex: Next morning the heap, now damp right through, was set up on one end of the horse (later called the bank), a bench long enough to take two piles of paper end to end, and about as high as the coffin of the press.

    Ex: The organizers announced that the high conference attendance in Glasgow will bring 160,000 Euros into the IFLA coffers -- news to warm the cockles of a parsimonious treasurer's heart.
    Ex: For grades 3-4, children estimate the value of treasure chests filled with gold coins and explore the size and weight of gold bars.
    Ex: For 25 years, this exquisitely enamelled medieval casket had been on loan to the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

    * * *
    A
    1 (joyero) jewel case, jewelry* box
    2 (baúl — para ropa) trunk; (— para dinero, joyas) chest
    Compuesto:
    treasure chest
    B ( Méx) (capó) hood ( AmE), bonnet ( BrE)
    * * *

     

    cofre sustantivo masculino
    a) ( joyero) jewel case, jewelry( conjugate jewelry) box


    c) (Méx) ( capó) hood (AmE), bonnet (BrE)

    cofre sustantivo masculino (arca) trunk, chest
    ' cofre' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    desenterrar
    - herrar
    - arca
    English:
    casket
    - chest
    - salvage
    * * *
    cofre nm
    1. [arca] chest, trunk;
    cofre del tesoro treasure chest
    2. [para joyas] jewel box
    3. Méx [capó] Br bonnet, US hood
    4. Ecuad [maletero] Br boot, US trunk
    * * *
    m
    1 de tesoro chest
    2 para alhajas jewelry box, Br
    jewellery box
    * * *
    cofre nm
    1) baúl: trunk, chest
    2) Mex capote: hood (of a car)
    * * *
    cofre n (arca) chest

    Spanish-English dictionary > cofre

  • 8 रत्नम् _ratnam

    रत्नम् [रमते$त्र रम्-न तान्तादेशः Uṇ.3.14]
    1 A gem, jewel, a precious stone; किं रत्नमच्छा मतिः Bv.1.86; न रत्नमन्विष्यति मृग्यते हि तत् Ku.5.45. (The ratnas are said to be either five, nine or fourteen; see the words पञ्चरत्न, नवरत्न, and चतुर्दशरत्न respectively.)
    -2 Anything valuable or precious, any dear treasure.
    -3 Anything best or excellent of its kind; (mostly at the end of comp.); जातौ जातौ यदुत्कृष्टं तद् रत्नमभिधीयते Malli; कन्यारत्नमयोनिजन्म भवतामास्ते वयं चार्थिनः Mv.1.3; अग्रेसरीभवतु काञ्चनचक्ररत्नम् Nāg.5.37; so पुत्र˚, स्त्री˚ V.4.25; अपत्य˚ &c.
    -4 A magnet.
    -5 Water.
    -Comp. -अङ्कः N. of Viṣṇu's car.
    -अङ्गः coral.
    -अचलः, -रोहणः legendary mountain located in Ceylon and supposed to produce jewels at the rumbling of clouds for the benefit of all comers; श्रेणीवर्जनदुर्यशोनिबिडितव्रीडस्तु रत्नाचलः N.12.67.
    -अधिपतिः a superintendent of precious stones.
    -अतुविद्ध a. set or studded with jewels.
    -आकरः 1 a mine of jewels.
    -2 the ocean; रत्नेषु लुप्तेषु बहुष्वमर्त्यैरद्यापि रत्नाकर एव सिन्धुः Vikr. 1.12; रत्नाकरं वीक्ष्य R.13.1.
    -आभरणम् an ornament of jewels.
    -आलोकः the lustre of a gem.
    -आवली 1 a necklace of jewels.
    -2 N. of a Nāṭikā attributed to Śrīharṣa.
    -कन्दलः coral.
    -करः N. of Kubera.
    -कर्णिका an ear-ring with jewels.
    -कुम्भः a jar set with jewels.
    -कूटः N. of a mountain.
    -खचित a. set or studded with gems.
    -गर्भः 1 Kubera.
    -2 the sea. (
    -र्भा) the earth.
    -च्छाया splendour of jewels.
    -त्रयम् 1 (with Buddhists) बुद्ध, धर्म and संघ.
    -2 (with Jainas) सम्यग् दर्शन, सम्यग् ज्ञान and सम्यक् चारित्र.
    -दर्पणः a mirror studded with jewels.
    -दीपः, -प्रदीपः 1 a jewel-lamp.
    -2 a gem serving as a lamp; अर्चिस्तुङ्गानभिमुखमपि प्राप्य रत्नप्रदीपान् Me.7.
    -धेनुः a cow symbolically represented by jewels.
    -नखः a poniard with its hilt set with jewels; कटितटनिविष्टरत्ननखः Dk.2.1.
    -नाभः N. of Viṣṇu.
    -नायकः a ruby.
    -निधिः 1 the ocean.
    -2 N. of Viṣṇu.
    -3 of Meru.
    -4 a wag-tail.
    -पञ्चकम् the 5 jewels (viz. gold, silver, pearls, the राजावर्त diamond and coral).
    -पारायणम् the sheet-anchor of all jewels; रत्नपारायणं नाम्ना लङ्केति मम मैथिलि Bk.5.89.
    -प्रभा the earth.
    -माला a jewel-necklace.
    -मुख्यम् a diamond.
    -राज् m. a ruby.
    -राशिः 1 a heap of gems.
    -2 the ocean.
    -वरम् gold.
    -वर्षुकम् the Puṣpaka car.
    -षष्ठी a vow or fast to be observed on the 6th day of a particular fortnight; it is a ग्रीष्मव्रत; अहं खलु रत्नषष्ठीमुपोवितासम् Mk.3.
    -सानुः N. of the mountain Meru.
    -स् a. producing jewels; न मामवति सद्वीपा रत्नसूरपि मेदिनी R.1.65.
    -सूः, -सूतिः f. the earth.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > रत्नम् _ratnam

  • 9 setting

    noun
    1) (Mus.) Vertonung, die
    2) (frame for jewel) Fassung, die
    3) (surroundings) Rahmen, der; (of novel etc.) Schauplatz, der
    4) (plates and cutlery) Gedeck, das
    * * *
    1) (a background: This castle is the perfect setting for a murder.) der Hintergrund
    2) (an arrangement of jewels in eg a ring.) das Einfassen
    3) (music composed for a poem etc: settings of folk songs.) die Vertonung
    * * *
    set·ting
    [ˈsetɪŋ, AM ˈset̬ɪŋ]
    1. (location) Lage f; (immediate surroundings) Umgebung f; (for a wedding) Rahmen m
    2. (in film, novel, play) Schauplatz m
    3. (adjustment on appliance) Einstellung f
    to adjust the \setting die Einstellung anpassen
    4. (place at table) Gedeck nt
    5. (frame for jewel) Fassung f
    6. MUS Vertonung f
    7. (fixing/arranging) Einstellung f
    8. TYPO (composing text) Setzen nt
    * * *
    ['setɪŋ]
    n
    1) (of sun, moon) Untergang m
    2) (= background, atmosphere) Rahmen m; (= environment, surroundings) Umgebung f; (of novel etc) Schauplatz m

    a film with a medieval setting — ein Film, der im Mittelalter spielt

    3) (of jewel) Fassung f
    4) (= place setting) Gedeck nt
    5) (= position on dial etc) Einstellung f (ALSO COMPUT)
    6) (= musical arrangement) Vertonung f
    7) (HAIRDRESSING) Legen nt
    * * *
    setting [ˈsetıŋ] s
    1. (Ein)Setzen n, Einrichten n:
    setting of type TYPO (Schrift)Setzen;
    the setting of a gem das (Ein)Fassen eines Edelsteins
    2. (Gold- etc) Fassung f
    3. Abziehen n, Schärfen n (eines Messers)
    4. a) Hintergrund m
    b) fig Rahmen m
    c) Schauplatz m:
    the novel has its setting in Spain der Roman spielt in Spanien
    5. szenischer Hintergrund:
    a) THEAT Bühnenbild n
    b) FILM Ausstattung f
    6. MUS
    a) Vertonung f
    b) Satz m, Einrichtung f
    7. TECH Bettung f, Sockel m (einer Maschine)
    8. TECH
    a) Einstellung f:
    regional settings COMPUT Ländereinstellungen pl
    b) Ablese-, Messwert m
    9. ASTRON (Sonnen- etc) Untergang m
    10. TECH Abbinden n (von Zement etc):
    setting point Stockpunkt m
    11. Schränkung f (einer Säge)
    12. Gasgewinnung: Retortensatz m
    13. Gelege n (alle für eine Brut gelegten Eier)
    14. Gedeck n
    * * *
    noun
    1) (Mus.) Vertonung, die
    2) (frame for jewel) Fassung, die
    3) (surroundings) Rahmen, der; (of novel etc.) Schauplatz, der
    4) (plates and cutlery) Gedeck, das
    * * *
    adj.
    gesetzt adj. n.
    Einstellung f.
    Vertonung f.

    English-german dictionary > setting

  • 10 मणिः _maṇiḥ

    मणिः [मण्-इन् स्त्रीत्वपक्षे वा ङीप्] (Said to be f. also, but rarely used)
    1 A jewel, gem, precious stone; मणिर्लुठति पादेषु काचः शिरसि धार्यते । यथैवास्ते तथैवास्तां काचः काचो मणिर्मणिः H.2.68; अलब्धशाणोत्कषणा नृपाणां न जातु मौलौ मणयो वसन्ति Bv.1.73; मणौ वज्रसमुत्कीर्णे सूत्रस्येवास्ति मे गतिः R.1.4;3.18.
    -2 An ornament in general.
    -3 Any- thing best of its kind; cf. रत्न.
    -4 A magnet, loadstone.
    -5 The wrist.
    -6 A water-pot.
    -7 Clitoris.
    -8 Glans penis.
    -9 A crystal; क्वचिन्मणिनिकाशोदाम् (नदीम्) Rām. 2.95.9.
    -1 The fleshy excrescence on the neck of a goat (also written मणी in these senses).
    -11 An ingot, a lump (of gold); यथा सोम्यैकेन लोहमणिना सर्वं लोहमयं विज्ञातं स्यात् Ch. Up.6.1.5.
    -Comp. -इन्द्रः, -राजः a diamond.
    -कण्ठः the blue jay.
    -कण्ठकः a cock.
    -कर्णिका, -कर्णी N. of a sacred pool in Benares.
    -काचः the feathered part of an arrow.
    -काञ्चनयोगः a rare combination of mutually worthy things.
    -काननम् the neck.
    -कारः a lapidary, jeweller; मणिकाराश्च ये केचित् Rām.2.83.12.
    -गुणः a quality of gems; षडश्रश्चतुरश्रो वृत्तो वा, तीव्ररागसंश्थानवानच्छः स्निग्धो गुरुरर्चिष्मानन्तर्गतप्रभः प्रभानु- लेपी चेति मणिगुणाः Kau. A.2.11.29.
    -ग्रीवः a son of Kubera.
    -तारकः the crane or Sārasa bird.
    -तुण्डः a striped hyena; Nighaṇṭaratnākara.
    -तुलाकोटिः a foot ornament consisting of jewels.
    -दण्ड a. having a handle adorned with jewels.
    -दर्पणः a jewelled mirror.
    -दीपः 1 a lamp having jewels; मणिदीपप्रकाशितं...... पश्येदं रङ्गमन्दिरम्
    -2 a jewel serving as a lamp.
    -दोषः a flaw or defect in a jewel.
    -द्वीपः 1 the hood of the serpent Ananta.
    -2 N. of a fabulous island in the ocean of nectar; सुधासिन्धोर्मध्ये सुरविटपिवाटीपरिसरे । मणिद्वीपे नीपोपवनवति चिन्तामणिगृहे Saundaryalaharī.
    -धनुः m.,
    -धनुस् n. a rainbow.
    -पाली a female keeper of jewels.
    -पुष्पकः N. of the conchshell of Sahadeva; नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ Bg.1.16.
    -पूरः 1 the navel,
    -2 a kind of bodice richly adorned with jewels.
    (-रम्) 1 N. of a town in Kaliṅga.
    -2 the pit of the stomach, or a mystical circle on the navel (also मणि- पूरक); तदूर्ध्वे नाभिदेशे तु मणिपूरं महाप्रभम् ।...... मणिवद् भिन्नं तत्पद्मं मणिपूरं तथोच्यते Yogagrantha. ˚पतिः an epithet of Babhruvāhana.
    -प्रवेकः a most excellent jewel.
    -प्रभा N. of a metre.
    -बन्धः 1 the wrist; रक्षाकरण्डकमस्य मणिबन्धे न दृश्यते Ś.7.
    -2 the fastening of jewels; R.12.12; मणिबन्धैर्निगूढैश्च सुश्लिष्टशुभसन्धिभिः Garuḍa P.
    -3 a kind of metre.
    -बन्धनम् 1 fastening on of jewels, a string or ornament of pearls.
    -2 that part of a ring or bracelet where the jewels are set; collet; Ś.6.
    -3 the wrist;...... मणिबन्धनात् कनकवलयं स्रस्तं स्रस्तं मया प्रतिसार्यते Ś.3.13.
    -बीजः, -वीजः the pomegranate tree.
    -भावरः an Indian crane; Nighaṇṭaratnākara.
    -भित्तिः f. N. of the palace of Śesa.
    -भूः f. a floor set with jewels.
    -भूमिः f.
    1 a mine of jewels.
    -2 a jewelled floor, floor inlaid with jewels.
    -मण्डपः 1 N. of the residence of Śeṣa.
    -2 a crystal hall.
    -मन्तकम् a variety of diamonds; Kau. A.2.11.29.
    -मन्थम् rock-salt; क्वणन्मणिमन्थभूधर भवशिला- लेहायेहाचणो लवणस्यति N.19.18.
    -माला 1 a string or necklace of jewels.
    -2 lustre, splendour, beauty.
    -3 a circular impression left by a bite (in amorous sports).
    -4 N. of Lakṣmī.
    -5 N. of a metre.
    -मेखल a. girdled with gems.
    -यष्टिः m., f. a jewelled stick, a string of jewels.
    -रत्नम् a jewel, gem.
    -रागः the colour of jewels. (
    -गम्) vermilion.
    -विग्रह a. jewelled; काञ्चनीं मणिविग्रहाम् Rām.6.128.75.
    -विशेषः an excellent jewel.
    -शिला a jewelled slab.
    -सरः a necklace; मणिसरममलं तारकपटलं नखदशशशिभूषिते Gīt.
    -शृङ्गः the god of the sun.
    -सूत्रम् a string of pearls.
    -सोपानम् a jewelled staircase.
    -स्तम्भः a pillar inlaid with jewels.
    -हर्म्यम् a jewelled or crystal palace.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > मणिः _maṇiḥ

  • 11 rubí

    m.
    1 ruby, stone in watch, watch jewel.
    2 Rubí.
    * * *
    1 ruby
    * * *
    SM (=piedra preciosa) ruby; [de reloj] jewel
    * * *
    masculino (Min) ruby; ( de reloj) jewel
    * * *
    = ruby.
    Ex. She has received the CLA's ruby E. Wallace Traveling Fellowship and the Canadian Council Grant, both for the study of nonbook materials.
    * * *
    masculino (Min) ruby; ( de reloj) jewel
    * * *
    = ruby.

    Ex: She has received the CLA's ruby E. Wallace Traveling Fellowship and the Canadian Council Grant, both for the study of nonbook materials.

    * * *
    1 ( Min) ruby
    2 (de reloj) jewel
    (de) color rubí ruby (red)
    * * *

    rubí sustantivo masculino
    a) (Min) ruby


    c) ( color):

    ◊ de color rubí ruby red

    rubí sustantivo masculino ruby
    un anillo de oro y rubíes, a gold ring set with rubies
    ' rubí' also found in these entries:
    English:
    ruby
    - jewel
    * * *
    rubí (pl rubíes o rubís) nm
    ruby
    * * *
    m ruby
    * * *
    rubí nm, pl rubíes : ruby
    * * *
    rubí n ruby [pl. rubies]

    Spanish-English dictionary > rubí

  • 12 ring

    I 1. [riŋ] noun
    1) (a small circle eg of gold or silver, sometimes having a jewel set in it, worn on the finger: a wedding ring; She wears a diamond ring.) ring; -ring
    2) (a circle of metal, wood etc for any of various purposes: a scarf-ring; a key-ring; The trap-door had a ring attached for lifting it.) ring; -ring
    3) (anything which is like a circle in shape: The children formed a ring round their teacher; The hot teapot left a ring on the polished table.) ring
    4) (an enclosed space for boxing matches, circus performances etc: the circus-ring; The crowd cheered as the boxer entered the ring.) ring; -ring; arena; -arena
    5) (a small group of people formed for business or criminal purposes: a drugs ring.) kreds; -kreds; -ring
    2. verb
    ( verb)
    1) (to form a ring round.) gøre rund
    2) (to put, draw etc a ring round (something): He has ringed all your errors.) sætte ring om
    3) (to put a ring on the leg of (a bird) as a means of identifying it.) ringmærke
    •
    - ringlet
    - ring finger
    - ringleader
    - ringmaster
    - run rings round     II 1. [riŋ] past tense - rang; verb
    1) (to (cause to) sound: The doorbell rang; He rang the doorbell; The telephone rang.) ringe
    2) ((often with up) to telephone (someone): I'll ring you (up) tonight.) ringe til
    3) ((often with for) to ring a bell (eg in a hotel) to tell someone to come, to bring something etc: She rang for the maid.) ringe efter
    4) ((of certain objects) to make a high sound like a bell: The glass rang as she hit it with a metal spoon.) klinge
    5) (to be filled with sound: The hall rang with the sound of laughter.) genlyde; runge
    6) ((often with out) to make a loud, clear sound: His voice rang through the house; A shot rang out.) lyde; give genlyd
    2. noun
    1) (the act or sound of ringing: the ring of a telephone.) ringning
    2) (a telephone call: I'll give you a ring.) ring
    3) (a suggestion, impression or feeling: His story has a ring of truth about it.) lyde sand
    •
    - ring back
    - ring off
    - ring true
    * * *
    I 1. [riŋ] noun
    1) (a small circle eg of gold or silver, sometimes having a jewel set in it, worn on the finger: a wedding ring; She wears a diamond ring.) ring; -ring
    2) (a circle of metal, wood etc for any of various purposes: a scarf-ring; a key-ring; The trap-door had a ring attached for lifting it.) ring; -ring
    3) (anything which is like a circle in shape: The children formed a ring round their teacher; The hot teapot left a ring on the polished table.) ring
    4) (an enclosed space for boxing matches, circus performances etc: the circus-ring; The crowd cheered as the boxer entered the ring.) ring; -ring; arena; -arena
    5) (a small group of people formed for business or criminal purposes: a drugs ring.) kreds; -kreds; -ring
    2. verb
    ( verb)
    1) (to form a ring round.) gøre rund
    2) (to put, draw etc a ring round (something): He has ringed all your errors.) sætte ring om
    3) (to put a ring on the leg of (a bird) as a means of identifying it.) ringmærke
    •
    - ringlet
    - ring finger
    - ringleader
    - ringmaster
    - run rings round     II 1. [riŋ] past tense - rang; verb
    1) (to (cause to) sound: The doorbell rang; He rang the doorbell; The telephone rang.) ringe
    2) ((often with up) to telephone (someone): I'll ring you (up) tonight.) ringe til
    3) ((often with for) to ring a bell (eg in a hotel) to tell someone to come, to bring something etc: She rang for the maid.) ringe efter
    4) ((of certain objects) to make a high sound like a bell: The glass rang as she hit it with a metal spoon.) klinge
    5) (to be filled with sound: The hall rang with the sound of laughter.) genlyde; runge
    6) ((often with out) to make a loud, clear sound: His voice rang through the house; A shot rang out.) lyde; give genlyd
    2. noun
    1) (the act or sound of ringing: the ring of a telephone.) ringning
    2) (a telephone call: I'll give you a ring.) ring
    3) (a suggestion, impression or feeling: His story has a ring of truth about it.) lyde sand
    •
    - ring back
    - ring off
    - ring true

    English-Danish dictionary > ring

  • 13 Historical Portugal

       Before Romans described western Iberia or Hispania as "Lusitania," ancient Iberians inhabited the land. Phoenician and Greek trading settlements grew up in the Tagus estuary area and nearby coasts. Beginning around 202 BCE, Romans invaded what is today southern Portugal. With Rome's defeat of Carthage, Romans proceeded to conquer and rule the western region north of the Tagus, which they named Roman "Lusitania." In the fourth century CE, as Rome's rule weakened, the area experienced yet another invasion—Germanic tribes, principally the Suevi, who eventually were Christianized. During the sixth century CE, the Suevi kingdom was superseded by yet another Germanic tribe—the Christian Visigoths.
       A major turning point in Portugal's history came in 711, as Muslim armies from North Africa, consisting of both Arab and Berber elements, invaded the Iberian Peninsula from across the Straits of Gibraltar. They entered what is now Portugal in 714, and proceeded to conquer most of the country except for the far north. For the next half a millennium, Islam and Muslim presence in Portugal left a significant mark upon the politics, government, language, and culture of the country.
       Islam, Reconquest, and Portugal Created, 714-1140
       The long frontier struggle between Muslim invaders and Christian communities in the north of the Iberian peninsula was called the Reconquista (Reconquest). It was during this struggle that the first dynasty of Portuguese kings (Burgundian) emerged and the independent monarchy of Portugal was established. Christian forces moved south from what is now the extreme north of Portugal and gradually defeated Muslim forces, besieging and capturing towns under Muslim sway. In the ninth century, as Christian forces slowly made their way southward, Christian elements were dominant only in the area between Minho province and the Douro River; this region became known as "territorium Portu-calense."
       In the 11th century, the advance of the Reconquest quickened as local Christian armies were reinforced by crusading knights from what is now France and England. Christian forces took Montemor (1034), at the Mondego River; Lamego (1058); Viseu (1058); and Coimbra (1064). In 1095, the king of Castile and Léon granted the country of "Portu-cale," what became northern Portugal, to a Burgundian count who had emigrated from France. This was the foundation of Portugal. In 1139, a descendant of this count, Afonso Henriques, proclaimed himself "King of Portugal." He was Portugal's first monarch, the "Founder," and the first of the Burgundian dynasty, which ruled until 1385.
       The emergence of Portugal in the 12th century as a separate monarchy in Iberia occurred before the Christian Reconquest of the peninsula. In the 1140s, the pope in Rome recognized Afonso Henriques as king of Portugal. In 1147, after a long, bloody siege, Muslim-occupied Lisbon fell to Afonso Henriques's army. Lisbon was the greatest prize of the 500-year war. Assisting this effort were English crusaders on their way to the Holy Land; the first bishop of Lisbon was an Englishman. When the Portuguese captured Faro and Silves in the Algarve province in 1248-50, the Reconquest of the extreme western portion of the Iberian peninsula was complete—significantly, more than two centuries before the Spanish crown completed the Reconquest of the eastern portion by capturing Granada in 1492.
       Consolidation and Independence of Burgundian Portugal, 1140-1385
       Two main themes of Portugal's early existence as a monarchy are the consolidation of control over the realm and the defeat of a Castil-ian threat from the east to its independence. At the end of this period came the birth of a new royal dynasty (Aviz), which prepared to carry the Christian Reconquest beyond continental Portugal across the straits of Gibraltar to North Africa. There was a variety of motives behind these developments. Portugal's independent existence was imperiled by threats from neighboring Iberian kingdoms to the north and east. Politics were dominated not only by efforts against the Muslims in
       Portugal (until 1250) and in nearby southern Spain (until 1492), but also by internecine warfare among the kingdoms of Castile, Léon, Aragon, and Portugal. A final comeback of Muslim forces was defeated at the battle of Salado (1340) by allied Castilian and Portuguese forces. In the emerging Kingdom of Portugal, the monarch gradually gained power over and neutralized the nobility and the Church.
       The historic and commonplace Portuguese saying "From Spain, neither a good wind nor a good marriage" was literally played out in diplomacy and war in the late 14th-century struggles for mastery in the peninsula. Larger, more populous Castile was pitted against smaller Portugal. Castile's Juan I intended to force a union between Castile and Portugal during this era of confusion and conflict. In late 1383, Portugal's King Fernando, the last king of the Burgundian dynasty, suddenly died prematurely at age 38, and the Master of Aviz, Portugal's most powerful nobleman, took up the cause of independence and resistance against Castile's invasion. The Master of Aviz, who became King João I of Portugal, was able to obtain foreign assistance. With the aid of English archers, Joao's armies defeated the Castilians in the crucial battle of Aljubarrota, on 14 August 1385, a victory that assured the independence of the Portuguese monarchy from its Castilian nemesis for several centuries.
       Aviz Dynasty and Portugal's First Overseas Empire, 1385-1580
       The results of the victory at Aljubarrota, much celebrated in Portugal's art and monuments, and the rise of the Aviz dynasty also helped to establish a new merchant class in Lisbon and Oporto, Portugal's second city. This group supported King João I's program of carrying the Reconquest to North Africa, since it was interested in expanding Portugal's foreign commerce and tapping into Muslim trade routes and resources in Africa. With the Reconquest against the Muslims completed in Portugal and the threat from Castile thwarted for the moment, the Aviz dynasty launched an era of overseas conquest, exploration, and trade. These efforts dominated Portugal's 15th and 16th centuries.
       The overseas empire and age of Discoveries began with Portugal's bold conquest in 1415 of the Moroccan city of Ceuta. One royal member of the 1415 expedition was young, 21-year-old Prince Henry, later known in history as "Prince Henry the Navigator." His part in the capture of Ceuta won Henry his knighthood and began Portugal's "Marvelous Century," during which the small kingdom was counted as a European and world power of consequence. Henry was the son of King João I and his English queen, Philippa of Lancaster, but he did not inherit the throne. Instead, he spent most of his life and his fortune, and that of the wealthy military Order of Christ, on various imperial ventures and on voyages of exploration down the African coast and into the Atlantic. While mythology has surrounded Henry's controversial role in the Discoveries, and this role has been exaggerated, there is no doubt that he played a vital part in the initiation of Portugal's first overseas empire and in encouraging exploration. He was naturally curious, had a sense of mission for Portugal, and was a strong leader. He also had wealth to expend; at least a third of the African voyages of the time were under his sponsorship. If Prince Henry himself knew little science, significant scientific advances in navigation were made in his day.
       What were Portugal's motives for this new imperial effort? The well-worn historical cliche of "God, Glory, and Gold" can only partly explain the motivation of a small kingdom with few natural resources and barely 1 million people, which was greatly outnumbered by the other powers it confronted. Among Portuguese objectives were the desire to exploit known North African trade routes and resources (gold, wheat, leather, weaponry, and other goods that were scarce in Iberia); the need to outflank the Muslim world in the Mediterranean by sailing around Africa, attacking Muslims en route; and the wish to ally with Christian kingdoms beyond Africa. This enterprise also involved a strategy of breaking the Venetian spice monopoly by trading directly with the East by means of discovering and exploiting a sea route around Africa to Asia. Besides the commercial motives, Portugal nurtured a strong crusading sense of Christian mission, and various classes in the kingdom saw an opportunity for fame and gain.
       By the time of Prince Henry's death in 1460, Portugal had gained control of the Atlantic archipelagos of the Azores and Madeiras, begun to colonize the Cape Verde Islands, failed to conquer the Canary Islands from Castile, captured various cities on Morocco's coast, and explored as far as Senegal, West Africa, down the African coast. By 1488, Bar-tolomeu Dias had rounded the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa and thereby discovered the way to the Indian Ocean.
       Portugal's largely coastal African empire and later its fragile Asian empire brought unexpected wealth but were purchased at a high price. Costs included wars of conquest and defense against rival powers, manning the far-flung navel and trade fleets and scattered castle-fortresses, and staffing its small but fierce armies, all of which entailed a loss of skills and population to maintain a scattered empire. Always short of capital, the monarchy became indebted to bankers. There were many defeats beginning in the 16th century at the hands of the larger imperial European monarchies (Spain, France, England, and Holland) and many attacks on Portugal and its strung-out empire. Typically, there was also the conflict that arose when a tenuously held world empire that rarely if ever paid its way demanded finance and manpower Portugal itself lacked.
       The first 80 years of the glorious imperial era, the golden age of Portugal's imperial power and world influence, was an African phase. During 1415-88, Portuguese navigators and explorers in small ships, some of them caravelas (caravels), explored the treacherous, disease-ridden coasts of Africa from Morocco to South Africa beyond the Cape of Good Hope. By the 1470s, the Portuguese had reached the Gulf of Guinea and, in the early 1480s, what is now Angola. Bartolomeu Dias's extraordinary voyage of 1487-88 to South Africa's coast and the edge of the Indian Ocean convinced Portugal that the best route to Asia's spices and Christians lay south, around the tip of southern Africa. Between 1488 and 1495, there was a hiatus caused in part by domestic conflict in Portugal, discussion of resources available for further conquests beyond Africa in Asia, and serious questions as to Portugal's capacity to reach beyond Africa. In 1495, King Manuel and his council decided to strike for Asia, whatever the consequences. In 1497-99, Vasco da Gama, under royal orders, made the epic two-year voyage that discovered the sea route to western India (Asia), outflanked Islam and Venice, and began Portugal's Asian empire. Within 50 years, Portugal had discovered and begun the exploitation of its largest colony, Brazil, and set up forts and trading posts from the Middle East (Aden and Ormuz), India (Calicut, Goa, etc.), Malacca, and Indonesia to Macau in China.
       By the 1550s, parts of its largely coastal, maritime trading post empire from Morocco to the Moluccas were under siege from various hostile forces, including Muslims, Christians, and Hindi. Although Moroccan forces expelled the Portuguese from the major coastal cities by 1550, the rival European monarchies of Castile (Spain), England, France, and later Holland began to seize portions of her undermanned, outgunned maritime empire.
       In 1580, Phillip II of Spain, whose mother was a Portuguese princess and who had a strong claim to the Portuguese throne, invaded Portugal, claimed the throne, and assumed control over the realm and, by extension, its African, Asian, and American empires. Phillip II filled the power vacuum that appeared in Portugal following the loss of most of Portugal's army and its young, headstrong King Sebastião in a disastrous war in Morocco. Sebastiao's death in battle (1578) and the lack of a natural heir to succeed him, as well as the weak leadership of the cardinal who briefly assumed control in Lisbon, led to a crisis that Spain's strong monarch exploited. As a result, Portugal lost its independence to Spain for a period of 60 years.
       Portugal under Spanish Rule, 1580-1640
       Despite the disastrous nature of Portugal's experience under Spanish rule, "The Babylonian Captivity" gave birth to modern Portuguese nationalism, its second overseas empire, and its modern alliance system with England. Although Spain allowed Portugal's weakened empire some autonomy, Spanish rule in Portugal became increasingly burdensome and unacceptable. Spain's ambitious imperial efforts in Europe and overseas had an impact on the Portuguese as Spain made greater and greater demands on its smaller neighbor for manpower and money. Portugal's culture underwent a controversial Castilianization, while its empire became hostage to Spain's fortunes. New rival powers England, France, and Holland attacked and took parts of Spain's empire and at the same time attacked Portugal's empire, as well as the mother country.
       Portugal's empire bore the consequences of being attacked by Spain's bitter enemies in what was a form of world war. Portuguese losses were heavy. By 1640, Portugal had lost most of its Moroccan cities as well as Ceylon, the Moluccas, and sections of India. With this, Portugal's Asian empire was gravely weakened. Only Goa, Damão, Diu, Bombay, Timor, and Macau remained and, in Brazil, Dutch forces occupied the northeast.
       On 1 December 1640, long commemorated as a national holiday, Portuguese rebels led by the duke of Braganza overthrew Spanish domination and took advantage of Spanish weakness following a more serious rebellion in Catalonia. Portugal regained independence from Spain, but at a price: dependence on foreign assistance to maintain its independence in the form of the renewal of the alliance with England.
       Restoration and Second Empire, 1640-1822
       Foreign affairs and empire dominated the restoration era and aftermath, and Portugal again briefly enjoyed greater European power and prestige. The Anglo-Portuguese Alliance was renewed and strengthened in treaties of 1642, 1654, and 1661, and Portugal's independence from Spain was underwritten by English pledges and armed assistance. In a Luso-Spanish treaty of 1668, Spain recognized Portugal's independence. Portugal's alliance with England was a marriage of convenience and necessity between two monarchies with important religious, cultural, and social differences. In return for legal, diplomatic, and trade privileges, as well as the use during war and peace of Portugal's great Lisbon harbor and colonial ports for England's navy, England pledged to protect Portugal and its scattered empire from any attack. The previously cited 17th-century alliance treaties were renewed later in the Treaty of Windsor, signed in London in 1899. On at least 10 different occasions after 1640, and during the next two centuries, England was central in helping prevent or repel foreign invasions of its ally, Portugal.
       Portugal's second empire (1640-1822) was largely Brazil-oriented. Portuguese colonization, exploitation of wealth, and emigration focused on Portuguese America, and imperial revenues came chiefly from Brazil. Between 1670 and 1740, Portugal's royalty and nobility grew wealthier on funds derived from Brazilian gold, diamonds, sugar, tobacco, and other crops, an enterprise supported by the Atlantic slave trade and the supply of African slave labor from West Africa and Angola. Visitors today can see where much of that wealth was invested: Portugal's rich legacy of monumental architecture. Meanwhile, the African slave trade took a toll in Angola and West Africa.
       In continental Portugal, absolutist monarchy dominated politics and government, and there was a struggle for position and power between the monarchy and other institutions, such as the Church and nobility. King José I's chief minister, usually known in history as the marquis of Pombal (ruled 1750-77), sharply suppressed the nobility and the
       Church (including the Inquisition, now a weak institution) and expelled the Jesuits. Pombal also made an effort to reduce economic dependence on England, Portugal's oldest ally. But his successes did not last much beyond his disputed time in office.
       Beginning in the late 18th century, the European-wide impact of the French Revolution and the rise of Napoleon placed Portugal in a vulnerable position. With the monarchy ineffectively led by an insane queen (Maria I) and her indecisive regent son (João VI), Portugal again became the focus of foreign ambition and aggression. With England unable to provide decisive assistance in time, France—with Spain's consent—invaded Portugal in 1807. As Napoleon's army under General Junot entered Lisbon meeting no resistance, Portugal's royal family fled on a British fleet to Brazil, where it remained in exile until 1821. In the meantime, Portugal's overseas empire was again under threat. There was a power vacuum as the monarch was absent, foreign armies were present, and new political notions of liberalism and constitutional monarchy were exciting various groups of citizens.
       Again England came to the rescue, this time in the form of the armies of the duke of Wellington. Three successive French invasions of Portugal were defeated and expelled, and Wellington succeeded in carrying the war against Napoleon across the Portuguese frontier into Spain. The presence of the English army, the new French-born liberal ideas, and the political vacuum combined to create revolutionary conditions. The French invasions and the peninsular wars, where Portuguese armed forces played a key role, marked the beginning of a new era in politics.
       Liberalism and Constitutional Monarchy, 1822-1910
       During 1807-22, foreign invasions, war, and civil strife over conflicting political ideas gravely damaged Portugal's commerce, economy, and novice industry. The next terrible blow was the loss of Brazil in 1822, the jewel in the imperial crown. Portugal's very independence seemed to be at risk. In vain, Portugal sought to resist Brazilian independence by force, but in 1825 it formally acknowledged Brazilian independence by treaty.
       Portugal's slow recovery from the destructive French invasions and the "war of independence" was complicated by civil strife over the form of constitutional monarchy that best suited Portugal. After struggles over these issues between 1820 and 1834, Portugal settled somewhat uncertainly into a moderate constitutional monarchy whose constitution (Charter of 1826) lent it strong political powers to exert a moderating influence between the executive and legislative branches of the government. It also featured a new upper middle class based on land ownership and commerce; a Catholic Church that, although still important, lived with reduced privileges and property; a largely African (third) empire to which Lisbon and Oporto devoted increasing spiritual and material resources, starting with the liberal imperial plans of 1836 and 1851, and continuing with the work of institutions like the Lisbon Society of Geography (established 1875); and a mass of rural peasants whose bonds to the land weakened after 1850 and who began to immigrate in increasing numbers to Brazil and North America.
       Chronic military intervention in national politics began in 19th-century Portugal. Such intervention, usually commencing with coups or pronunciamentos (military revolts), was a shortcut to the spoils of political office and could reflect popular discontent as well as the power of personalities. An early example of this was the 1817 golpe (coup) attempt of General Gomes Freire against British military rule in Portugal before the return of King João VI from Brazil. Except for a more stable period from 1851 to 1880, military intervention in politics, or the threat thereof, became a feature of the constitutional monarchy's political life, and it continued into the First Republic and the subsequent Estado Novo.
       Beginning with the Regeneration period (1851-80), Portugal experienced greater political stability and economic progress. Military intervention in politics virtually ceased; industrialization and construction of railroads, roads, and bridges proceeded; two political parties (Regenerators and Historicals) worked out a system of rotation in power; and leading intellectuals sparked a cultural revival in several fields. In 19th-century literature, there was a new golden age led by such figures as Alexandre Herculano (historian), Eça de Queirós (novelist), Almeida Garrett (playwright and essayist), Antero de Quental (poet), and Joaquim Oliveira Martins (historian and social scientist). In its third overseas empire, Portugal attempted to replace the slave trade and slavery with legitimate economic activities; to reform the administration; and to expand Portuguese holdings beyond coastal footholds deep into the African hinterlands in West, West Central, and East Africa. After 1841, to some extent, and especially after 1870, colonial affairs, combined with intense nationalism, pressures for economic profit in Africa, sentiment for national revival, and the drift of European affairs would make or break Lisbon governments.
       Beginning with the political crisis that arose out of the "English Ultimatum" affair of January 1890, the monarchy became discredtted and identified with the poorly functioning government, political parties splintered, and republicanism found more supporters. Portugal participated in the "Scramble for Africa," expanding its African holdings, but failed to annex territory connecting Angola and Mozambique. A growing foreign debt and state bankruptcy as of the early 1890s damaged the constitutional monarchy's reputation, despite the efforts of King Carlos in diplomacy, the renewal of the alliance in the Windsor Treaty of 1899, and the successful if bloody colonial wars in the empire (1880-97). Republicanism proclaimed that Portugal's weak economy and poor society were due to two historic institutions: the monarchy and the Catholic Church. A republic, its stalwarts claimed, would bring greater individual liberty; efficient, if more decentralized government; and a stronger colonial program while stripping the Church of its role in both society and education.
       As the monarchy lost support and republicans became more aggressive, violence increased in politics. King Carlos I and his heir Luís were murdered in Lisbon by anarchist-republicans on 1 February 1908. Following a military and civil insurrection and fighting between monarchist and republican forces, on 5 October 1910, King Manuel II fled Portugal and a republic was proclaimed.
       First Parliamentary Republic, 1910-26
       Portugal's first attempt at republican government was the most unstable, turbulent parliamentary republic in the history of 20th-century Western Europe. During a little under 16 years of the republic, there were 45 governments, a number of legislatures that did not complete normal terms, military coups, and only one president who completed his four-year term in office. Portuguese society was poorly prepared for this political experiment. Among the deadly legacies of the monarchy were a huge public debt; a largely rural, apolitical, and illiterate peasant population; conflict over the causes of the country's misfortunes; and lack of experience with a pluralist, democratic system.
       The republic had some talented leadership but lacked popular, institutional, and economic support. The 1911 republican constitution established only a limited democracy, as only a small portion of the adult male citizenry was eligible to vote. In a country where the majority was Catholic, the republic passed harshly anticlerical laws, and its institutions and supporters persecuted both the Church and its adherents. During its brief disjointed life, the First Republic drafted important reform plans in economic, social, and educational affairs; actively promoted development in the empire; and pursued a liberal, generous foreign policy. Following British requests for Portugal's assistance in World War I, Portugal entered the war on the Allied side in March 1916 and sent armies to Flanders and Portuguese Africa. Portugal's intervention in that conflict, however, was too costly in many respects, and the ultimate failure of the republic in part may be ascribed to Portugal's World War I activities.
       Unfortunately for the republic, its time coincided with new threats to Portugal's African possessions: World War I, social and political demands from various classes that could not be reconciled, excessive military intervention in politics, and, in particular, the worst economic and financial crisis Portugal had experienced since the 16th and 17th centuries. After the original Portuguese Republican Party (PRP, also known as the "Democrats") splintered into three warring groups in 1912, no true multiparty system emerged. The Democrats, except for only one or two elections, held an iron monopoly of electoral power, and political corruption became a major issue. As extreme right-wing dictatorships elsewhere in Europe began to take power in Italy (1922), neighboring Spain (1923), and Greece (1925), what scant popular support remained for the republic collapsed. Backed by a right-wing coalition of landowners from Alentejo, clergy, Coimbra University faculty and students, Catholic organizations, and big business, career military officers led by General Gomes da Costa executed a coup on 28 May 1926, turned out the last republican government, and established a military government.
       The Estado Novo (New State), 1926-74
       During the military phase (1926-32) of the Estado Novo, professional military officers, largely from the army, governed and administered Portugal and held key cabinet posts, but soon discovered that the military possessed no magic formula that could readily solve the problems inherited from the First Republic. Especially during the years 1926-31, the military dictatorship, even with its political repression of republican activities and institutions (military censorship of the press, political police action, and closure of the republic's rowdy parliament), was characterized by similar weaknesses: personalism and factionalism; military coups and political instability, including civil strife and loss of life; state debt and bankruptcy; and a weak economy. "Barracks parliamentarism" was not an acceptable alternative even to the "Nightmare Republic."
       Led by General Óscar Carmona, who had replaced and sent into exile General Gomes da Costa, the military dictatorship turned to a civilian expert in finance and economics to break the budget impasse and bring coherence to the disorganized system. Appointed minister of finance on 27 April 1928, the Coimbra University Law School professor of economics Antônio de Oliveira Salazar (1889-1970) first reformed finance, helped balance the budget, and then turned to other concerns as he garnered extraordinary governing powers. In 1930, he was appointed interim head of another key ministry (Colonies) and within a few years had become, in effect, a civilian dictator who, with the military hierarchy's support, provided the government with coherence, a program, and a set of policies.
       For nearly 40 years after he was appointed the first civilian prime minister in 1932, Salazar's personality dominated the government. Unlike extreme right-wing dictators elsewhere in Europe, Salazar was directly appointed by the army but was never endorsed by a popular political party, street militia, or voter base. The scholarly, reclusive former Coimbra University professor built up what became known after 1932 as the Estado Novo ("New State"), which at the time of its overthrow by another military coup in 1974, was the longest surviving authoritarian regime in Western Europe. The system of Salazar and the largely academic and technocratic ruling group he gathered in his cabinets was based on the central bureaucracy of the state, which was supported by the president of the republic—always a senior career military officer, General Óscar Carmona (1928-51), General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58), and Admiral Américo Tómaz (1958-74)—and the complicity of various institutions. These included a rubber-stamp legislature called the National Assembly (1935-74) and a political police known under various names: PVDE (1932-45), PIDE (1945-69),
       and DGS (1969-74). Other defenders of the Estado Novo security were paramilitary organizations such as the National Republican Guard (GNR); the Portuguese Legion (PL); and the Portuguese Youth [Movement]. In addition to censorship of the media, theater, and books, there was political repression and a deliberate policy of depoliticization. All political parties except for the approved movement of regime loyalists, the União Nacional or (National Union), were banned.
       The most vigorous and more popular period of the New State was 1932-44, when the basic structures were established. Never monolithic or entirely the work of one person (Salazar), the New State was constructed with the assistance of several dozen top associates who were mainly academics from law schools, some technocrats with specialized skills, and a handful of trusted career military officers. The 1933 Constitution declared Portugal to be a "unitary, corporative Republic," and pressures to restore the monarchy were resisted. Although some of the regime's followers were fascists and pseudofascists, many more were conservative Catholics, integralists, nationalists, and monarchists of different varieties, and even some reactionary republicans. If the New State was authoritarian, it was not totalitarian and, unlike fascism in Benito Mussolini's Italy or Adolf Hitler's Germany, it usually employed the minimum of violence necessary to defeat what remained a largely fractious, incoherent opposition.
       With the tumultuous Second Republic and the subsequent civil war in nearby Spain, the regime felt threatened and reinforced its defenses. During what Salazar rightly perceived as a time of foreign policy crisis for Portugal (1936-45), he assumed control of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. From there, he pursued four basic foreign policy objectives: supporting the Nationalist rebels of General Francisco Franco in the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) and concluding defense treaties with a triumphant Franco; ensuring that General Franco in an exhausted Spain did not enter World War II on the Axis side; maintaining Portuguese neutrality in World War II with a post-1942 tilt toward the Allies, including granting Britain and the United States use of bases in the Azores Islands; and preserving and protecting Portugal's Atlantic Islands and its extensive, if poor, overseas empire in Africa and Asia.
       During the middle years of the New State (1944-58), many key Salazar associates in government either died or resigned, and there was greater social unrest in the form of unprecedented strikes and clandestine Communist activities, intensified opposition, and new threatening international pressures on Portugal's overseas empire. During the earlier phase of the Cold War (1947-60), Portugal became a steadfast, if weak, member of the US-dominated North Atlantic Treaty Organization alliance and, in 1955, with American support, Portugal joined the United Nations (UN). Colonial affairs remained a central concern of the regime. As of 1939, Portugal was the third largest colonial power in the world and possessed territories in tropical Africa (Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau, and São Tomé and Príncipe Islands) and the remnants of its 16th-century empire in Asia (Goa, Damão, Diu, East Timor, and Macau). Beginning in the early 1950s, following the independence of India in 1947, Portugal resisted Indian pressures to decolonize Portuguese India and used police forces to discourage internal opposition in its Asian and African colonies.
       The later years of the New State (1958-68) witnessed the aging of the increasingly isolated but feared Salazar and new threats both at home and overseas. Although the regime easily overcame the brief oppositionist threat from rival presidential candidate General Humberto Delgado in the spring of 1958, new developments in the African and Asian empires imperiled the authoritarian system. In February 1961, oppositionists hijacked the Portuguese ocean liner Santa Maria and, in following weeks, African insurgents in northern Angola, although they failed to expel the Portuguese, gained worldwide media attention, discredited the New State, and began the 13-year colonial war. After thwarting a dissident military coup against his continued leadership, Salazar and his ruling group mobilized military repression in Angola and attempted to develop the African colonies at a faster pace in order to ensure Portuguese control. Meanwhile, the other European colonial powers (Britain, France, Belgium, and Spain) rapidly granted political independence to their African territories.
       At the time of Salazar's removal from power in September 1968, following a stroke, Portugal's efforts to maintain control over its colonies appeared to be successful. President Americo Tomás appointed Dr. Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor as prime minister. While maintaining the New State's basic structures, and continuing the regime's essential colonial policy, Caetano attempted wider reforms in colonial administration and some devolution of power from Lisbon, as well as more freedom of expression in Lisbon. Still, a great deal of the budget was devoted to supporting the wars against the insurgencies in Africa. Meanwhile in Asia, Portuguese India had fallen when the Indian army invaded in December 1961. The loss of Goa was a psychological blow to the leadership of the New State, and of the Asian empire only East Timor and Macau remained.
       The Caetano years (1968-74) were but a hiatus between the waning Salazar era and a new regime. There was greater political freedom and rapid economic growth (5-6 percent annually to late 1973), but Caetano's government was unable to reform the old system thoroughly and refused to consider new methods either at home or in the empire. In the end, regime change came from junior officers of the professional military who organized the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) against the Caetano government. It was this group of several hundred officers, mainly in the army and navy, which engineered a largely bloodless coup in Lisbon on 25 April 1974. Their unexpected action brought down the 48-year-old New State and made possible the eventual establishment and consolidation of democratic governance in Portugal, as well as a reorientation of the country away from the Atlantic toward Europe.
       Revolution of Carnations, 1974-76
       Following successful military operations of the Armed Forces Movement against the Caetano government, Portugal experienced what became known as the "Revolution of Carnations." It so happened that during the rainy week of the military golpe, Lisbon flower shops were featuring carnations, and the revolutionaries and their supporters adopted the red carnation as the common symbol of the event, as well as of the new freedom from dictatorship. The MFA, whose leaders at first were mostly little-known majors and captains, proclaimed a three-fold program of change for the new Portugal: democracy; decolonization of the overseas empire, after ending the colonial wars; and developing a backward economy in the spirit of opportunity and equality. During the first 24 months after the coup, there was civil strife, some anarchy, and a power struggle. With the passing of the Estado Novo, public euphoria burst forth as the new provisional military government proclaimed the freedoms of speech, press, and assembly, and abolished censorship, the political police, the Portuguese Legion, Portuguese Youth, and other New State organizations, including the National Union. Scores of political parties were born and joined the senior political party, the Portuguese Community Party (PCP), and the Socialist Party (PS), founded shortly before the coup.
       Portugal's Revolution of Carnations went through several phases. There was an attempt to take control by radical leftists, including the PCP and its allies. This was thwarted by moderate officers in the army, as well as by the efforts of two political parties: the PS and the Social Democrats (PPD, later PSD). The first phase was from April to September 1974. Provisional president General Antonio Spínola, whose 1974 book Portugal and the Future had helped prepare public opinion for the coup, met irresistible leftist pressures. After Spinola's efforts to avoid rapid decolonization of the African empire failed, he resigned in September 1974. During the second phase, from September 1974 to March 1975, radical military officers gained control, but a coup attempt by General Spínola and his supporters in Lisbon in March 1975 failed and Spínola fled to Spain.
       In the third phase of the Revolution, March-November 1975, a strong leftist reaction followed. Farm workers occupied and "nationalized" 1.1 million hectares of farmland in the Alentejo province, and radical military officers in the provisional government ordered the nationalization of Portuguese banks (foreign banks were exempted), utilities, and major industries, or about 60 percent of the economic system. There were power struggles among various political parties — a total of 50 emerged—and in the streets there was civil strife among labor, military, and law enforcement groups. A constituent assembly, elected on 25 April 1975, in Portugal's first free elections since 1926, drafted a democratic constitution. The Council of the Revolution (CR), briefly a revolutionary military watchdog committee, was entrenched as part of the government under the constitution, until a later revision. During the chaotic year of 1975, about 30 persons were killed in political frays while unstable provisional governments came and went. On 25 November 1975, moderate military forces led by Colonel Ramalho Eanes, who later was twice elected president of the republic (1976 and 1981), defeated radical, leftist military groups' revolutionary conspiracies.
       In the meantime, Portugal's scattered overseas empire experienced a precipitous and unprepared decolonization. One by one, the former colonies were granted and accepted independence—Guinea-Bissau (September 1974), Cape Verde Islands (July 1975), and Mozambique (July 1975). Portugal offered to turn over Macau to the People's Republic of China, but the offer was refused then and later negotiations led to the establishment of a formal decolonization or hand-over date of 1999. But in two former colonies, the process of decolonization had tragic results.
       In Angola, decolonization negotiations were greatly complicated by the fact that there were three rival nationalist movements in a struggle for power. The January 1975 Alvor Agreement signed by Portugal and these three parties was not effectively implemented. A bloody civil war broke out in Angola in the spring of 1975 and, when Portuguese armed forces withdrew and declared that Angola was independent on 11 November 1975, the bloodshed only increased. Meanwhile, most of the white Portuguese settlers from Angola and Mozambique fled during the course of 1975. Together with African refugees, more than 600,000 of these retornados ("returned ones") went by ship and air to Portugal and thousands more to Namibia, South Africa, Brazil, Canada, and the United States.
       The second major decolonization disaster was in Portugal's colony of East Timor in the Indonesian archipelago. Portugal's capacity to supervise and control a peaceful transition to independence in this isolated, neglected colony was limited by the strength of giant Indonesia, distance from Lisbon, and Portugal's revolutionary disorder and inability to defend Timor. In early December 1975, before Portugal granted formal independence and as one party, FRETILIN, unilaterally declared East Timor's independence, Indonesia's armed forces invaded, conquered, and annexed East Timor. Indonesian occupation encountered East Timorese resistance, and a heavy loss of life followed. The East Timor question remained a contentious international issue in the UN, as well as in Lisbon and Jakarta, for more than 20 years following Indonesia's invasion and annexation of the former colony of Portugal. Major changes occurred, beginning in 1998, after Indonesia underwent a political revolution and allowed a referendum in East Timor to decide that territory's political future in August 1999. Most East Timorese chose independence, but Indonesian forces resisted that verdict until
       UN intervention in September 1999. Following UN rule for several years, East Timor attained full independence on 20 May 2002.
       Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-2000
       After several free elections and record voter turnouts between 25 April 1975 and June 1976, civil war was averted and Portugal's second democratic republic began to stabilize. The MFA was dissolved, the military were returned to the barracks, and increasingly elected civilians took over the government of the country. The 1976 Constitution was revised several times beginning in 1982 and 1989, in order to reempha-size the principle of free enterprise in the economy while much of the large, nationalized sector was privatized. In June 1976, General Ram-alho Eanes was elected the first constitutional president of the republic (five-year term), and he appointed socialist leader Dr. Mário Soares as prime minister of the first constitutional government.
       From 1976 to 1985, Portugal's new system featured a weak economy and finances, labor unrest, and administrative and political instability. The difficult consolidation of democratic governance was eased in part by the strong currency and gold reserves inherited from the Estado Novo, but Lisbon seemed unable to cope with high unemployment, new debt, the complex impact of the refugees from Africa, world recession, and the agitation of political parties. Four major parties emerged from the maelstrom of 1974-75, except for the Communist Party, all newly founded. They were, from left to right, the Communists (PCP); the Socialists (PS), who managed to dominate governments and the legislature but not win a majority in the Assembly of the Republic; the Social Democrats (PSD); and the Christian Democrats (CDS). During this period, the annual growth rate was low (l-2 percent), and the nationalized sector of the economy stagnated.
       Enhanced economic growth, greater political stability, and more effective central government as of 1985, and especially 1987, were due to several developments. In 1977, Portugal applied for membership in the European Economic Community (EEC), now the European Union (EU) since 1993. In January 1986, with Spain, Portugal was granted membership, and economic and financial progress in the intervening years has been significantly influenced by the comparatively large investment, loans, technology, advice, and other assistance from the EEC. Low unemployment, high annual growth rates (5 percent), and moderate inflation have also been induced by the new political and administrative stability in Lisbon. Led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva, an economist who was trained abroad, the PSD's strong organization, management, and electoral support since 1985 have assisted in encouraging economic recovery and development. In 1985, the PSD turned the PS out of office and won the general election, although they did not have an absolute majority of assembly seats. In 1986, Mário Soares was elected president of the republic, the first civilian to hold that office since the First Republic. In the elections of 1987 and 1991, however, the PSD was returned to power with clear majorities of over 50 percent of the vote.
       Although the PSD received 50.4 percent of the vote in the 1991 parliamentary elections and held a 42-seat majority in the Assembly of the Republic, the party began to lose public support following media revelations regarding corruption and complaints about Prime Minister Cavaco Silva's perceived arrogant leadership style. President Mário Soares voiced criticism of the PSD's seemingly untouchable majority and described a "tyranny of the majority." Economic growth slowed down. In the parliamentary elections of 1995 and the presidential election of 1996, the PSD's dominance ended for the time being. Prime Minister Antônio Guterres came to office when the PS won the October 1995 elections, and in the subsequent presidential contest, in January 1996, socialist Jorge Sampaio, the former mayor of Lisbon, was elected president of the republic, thus defeating Cavaco Silva's bid. Young and popular, Guterres moved the PS toward the center of the political spectrum. Under Guterres, the PS won the October 1999 parliamentary elections. The PS defeated the PSD but did not manage to win a clear, working majority of seats, and this made the PS dependent upon alliances with smaller parties, including the PCP.
       In the local elections in December 2001, the PSD's criticism of PS's heavy public spending allowed the PSD to take control of the key cities of Lisbon, Oporto, and Coimbra. Guterres resigned, and parliamentary elections were brought forward from 2004 to March 2002. The PSD won a narrow victory with 40 percent of the votes, and Jose Durão Barroso became prime minister. Having failed to win a majority of the seats in parliament forced the PSD to govern in coalition with the right-wing Popular Party (PP) led by Paulo Portas. Durão Barroso set about reducing government spending by cutting the budgets of local authorities, freezing civil service hiring, and reviving the economy by accelerating privatization of state-owned enterprises. These measures provoked a 24-hour strike by public-sector workers. Durão Barroso reacted with vows to press ahead with budget-cutting measures and imposed a wage freeze on all employees earning more than €1,000, which affected more than one-half of Portugal's work force.
       In June 2004, Durão Barroso was invited by Romano Prodi to succeed him as president of the European Commission. Durão Barroso accepted and resigned the prime ministership in July. Pedro Santana Lopes, the leader of the PSD, became prime minister. Already unpopular at the time of Durão Barroso's resignation, the PSD-led government became increasingly unpopular under Santana Lopes. A month-long delay in the start of the school year and confusion over his plan to cut taxes and raise public-sector salaries, eroded confidence even more. By November, Santana Lopes's government was so unpopular that President Jorge Sampaio was obliged to dissolve parliament and hold new elections, two years ahead of schedule.
       Parliamentary elections were held on 20 February 2005. The PS, which had promised the electorate disciplined and transparent governance, educational reform, the alleviation of poverty, and a boost in employment, won 45 percent of the vote and the majority of the seats in parliament. The leader of the PS, José Sôcrates became prime minister on 12 March 2005. In the regularly scheduled presidential elections held on 6 January 2006, the former leader of the PSD and prime minister, Aníbal Cavaco Silva, won a narrow victory and became president on 9 March 2006. With a mass protest, public teachers' strike, and street demonstrations in March 2008, Portugal's media, educational, and social systems experienced more severe pressures. With the spreading global recession beginning in September 2008, Portugal's economic and financial systems became more troubled.
       Owing to its geographic location on the southwestern most edge of continental Europe, Portugal has been historically in but not of Europe. Almost from the beginning of its existence in the 12th century as an independent monarchy, Portugal turned its back on Europe and oriented itself toward the Atlantic Ocean. After carving out a Christian kingdom on the western portion of the Iberian peninsula, Portuguese kings gradually built and maintained a vast seaborne global empire that became central to the way Portugal understood its individuality as a nation-state. While the creation of this empire allows Portugal to claim an unusual number of "firsts" or distinctions in world and Western history, it also retarded Portugal's economic, social, and political development. It can be reasonably argued that the Revolution of 25 April 1974 was the most decisive event in Portugal's long history because it finally ended Portugal's oceanic mission and view of itself as an imperial power. After the 1974 Revolution, Portugal turned away from its global mission and vigorously reoriented itself toward Europe. Contemporary Portugal is now both in and of Europe.
       The turn toward Europe began immediately after 25 April 1974. Portugal granted independence to its African colonies in 1975. It was admitted to the European Council and took the first steps toward accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1976. On 28 March 1977, the Portuguese government officially applied for EEC membership. Because of Portugal's economic and social backwardness, which would require vast sums of EEC money to overcome, negotiations for membership were long and difficult. Finally, a treaty of accession was signed on 12 June 1985. Portugal officially joined the EEC (the European Union [EU] since 1993) on 1 January 1986. Since becoming a full-fledged member of the EU, Portugal has been steadily overcoming the economic and social underdevelopment caused by its imperial past and is becoming more like the rest of Europe.
       Membership in the EU has speeded up the structural transformation of Portugal's economy, which actually began during the Estado Novo. Investments made by the Estado Novo in Portugal's economy began to shift employment out of the agricultural sector, which, in 1950, accounted for 50 percent of Portugal's economically active population. Today, only 10 percent of the economically active population is employed in the agricultural sector (the highest among EU member states); 30 percent in the industrial sector (also the highest among EU member states); and 60 percent in the service sector (the lowest among EU member states). The economically active population numbers about 5,000,000 employed, 56 percent of whom are women. Women workers are the majority of the workforce in the agricultural and service sectors (the highest among the EU member states). The expansion of the service sector has been primarily in health care and education. Portugal has had the lowest unemployment rates among EU member states, with the overall rate never being more than 10 percent of the active population. Since joining the EU, the number of employers increased from 2.6 percent to 5.8 percent of the active population; self-employed from 16 to 19 percent; and employees from 65 to 70 percent. Twenty-six percent of the employers are women. Unemployment tends to hit younger workers in industry and transportation, women employed in domestic service, workers on short-term contracts, and poorly educated workers. Salaried workers earn only 63 percent of the EU average, and hourly workers only one-third to one-half of that earned by their EU counterparts. Despite having had the second highest growth of gross national product (GNP) per inhabitant (after Ireland) among EU member states, the above data suggest that while much has been accomplished in terms of modernizing the Portuguese economy, much remains to be done to bring Portugal's economy up to the level of the "average" EU member state.
       Membership in the EU has also speeded up changes in Portuguese society. Over the last 30 years, coastalization and urbanization have intensified. Fully 50 percent of Portuguese live in the coastal urban conurbations of Lisbon, Oporto, Braga, Aveiro, Coimbra, Viseu, Évora, and Faro. The Portuguese population is one of the oldest among EU member states (17.3 percent are 65 years of age or older) thanks to a considerable increase in life expectancy at birth (77.87 years for the total population, 74.6 years for men, 81.36 years for women) and one of the lowest birthrates (10.59 births/1,000) in Europe. Family size averages 2.8 persons per household, with the strict nuclear family (one or two generations) in which both parents work being typical. Common law marriages, cohabitating couples, and single-parent households are more and more common. The divorce rate has also increased. "Youth Culture" has developed. The young have their own meeting places, leisure-time activities, and nightlife (bars, clubs, and discos).
       All Portuguese citizens, whether they have contributed or not, have a right to an old-age pension, invalidity benefits, widowed persons' pension, as well as payments for disabilities, children, unemployment, and large families. There is a national minimum wage (€385 per month), which is low by EU standards. The rapid aging of Portugal's population has changed the ratio of contributors to pensioners to 1.7, the lowest in the EU. This has created deficits in Portugal's social security fund.
       The adult literacy rate is about 92 percent. Illiteracy is still found among the elderly. Although universal compulsory education up to grade 9 was achieved in 1980, only 21.2 percent of the population aged 25-64 had undergone secondary education, compared to an EU average of 65.7 percent. Portugal's higher education system currently consists of 14 state universities and 14 private universities, 15 state polytechnic institutions, one Catholic university, and one military academy. All in all, Portugal spends a greater percentage of its state budget on education than most EU member states. Despite this high level of expenditure, the troubled Portuguese education system does not perform well. Early leaving and repetition rates are among the highest among EU member states.
       After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal created a National Health Service, which today consists of 221 hospitals and 512 medical centers employing 33,751 doctors and 41,799 nurses. Like its education system, Portugal's medical system is inefficient. There are long waiting lists for appointments with specialists and for surgical procedures.
       Structural changes in Portugal's economy and society mean that social life in Portugal is not too different from that in other EU member states. A mass consumption society has been created. Televisions, telephones, refrigerators, cars, music equipment, mobile phones, and personal computers are commonplace. Sixty percent of Portuguese households possess at least one automobile, and 65 percent of Portuguese own their own home. Portuguese citizens are more aware of their legal rights than ever before. This has resulted in a trebling of the number of legal proceeding since 1960 and an eight-fold increase in the number of lawyers. In general, Portuguese society has become more permissive and secular; the Catholic Church and the armed forces are much less influential than in the past. Portugal's population is also much more culturally, religiously, and ethnically diverse, a consequence of the coming to Portugal of hundreds of thousands of immigrants, mainly from former African colonies.
       Portuguese are becoming more cosmopolitan and sophisticated through the impact of world media, the Internet, and the World Wide Web. A prime case in point came in the summer and early fall of 1999, with the extraordinary events in East Timor and the massive Portuguese popular responses. An internationally monitored referendum in East Timor, Portugal's former colony in the Indonesian archipelago and under Indonesian occupation from late 1975 to summer 1999, resulted in a vote of 78.5 percent for rejecting integration with Indonesia and for independence. When Indonesian prointegration gangs, aided by the Indonesian military, responded to the referendum with widespread brutality and threatened to reverse the verdict of the referendum, there was a spontaneous popular outpouring of protest in the cities and towns of Portugal. An avalanche of Portuguese e-mail fell on leaders and groups in the UN and in certain countries around the world as Portugal's diplomats, perhaps to compensate for the weak initial response to Indonesian armed aggression in 1975, called for the protection of East Timor as an independent state and for UN intervention to thwart Indonesian action. Using global communications networks, the Portuguese were able to mobilize UN and world public opinion against Indonesian actions and aided the eventual independence of East Timor on 20 May 2002.
       From the Revolution of 25 April 1974 until the 1990s, Portugal had a large number of political parties, one of the largest Communist parties in western Europe, frequent elections, and endemic cabinet instability. Since the 1990s, the number of political parties has been dramatically reduced and cabinet stability increased. Gradually, the Portuguese electorate has concentrated around two larger parties, the right-of-center Social Democrats (PSD) and the left-of-center Socialist (PS). In the 1980s, these two parties together garnered 65 percent of the vote and 70 percent of the seats in parliament. In 2005, these percentages had risen to 74 percent and 85 percent, respectively. In effect, Portugal is currently a two-party dominant system in which the two largest parties — PS and PSD—alternate in and out of power, not unlike the rotation of the two main political parties (the Regenerators and the Historicals) during the last decades (1850s to 1880s) of the liberal constitutional monarchy. As Portugal's democracy has consolidated, turnout rates for the eligible electorate have declined. In the 1970s, turnout was 85 percent. In Portugal's most recent parliamentary election (2005), turnout had fallen to 65 percent of the eligible electorate.
       Portugal has benefited greatly from membership in the EU, and whatever doubts remain about the price paid for membership, no Portuguese government in the near future can afford to sever this connection. The vast majority of Portuguese citizens see membership in the EU as a "good thing" and strongly believe that Portugal has benefited from membership. Only the Communist Party opposed membership because it reduces national sovereignty, serves the interests of capitalists not workers, and suffers from a democratic deficit. Despite the high level of support for the EU, Portuguese voters are increasingly not voting in elections for the European Parliament, however. Turnout for European Parliament elections fell from 40 percent of the eligible electorate in the 1999 elections to 38 percent in the 2004 elections.
       In sum, Portugal's turn toward Europe has done much to overcome its backwardness. However, despite the economic, social, and political progress made since 1986, Portugal has a long way to go before it can claim to be on a par with the level found even in Spain, much less the rest of western Europe. As Portugal struggles to move from underde-velopment, especially in the rural areas away from the coast, it must keep in mind the perils of too rapid modern development, which could damage two of its most precious assets: its scenery and environment. The growth and future prosperity of the economy will depend on the degree to which the government and the private sector will remain stewards of clean air, soil, water, and other finite resources on which the tourism industry depends and on which Portugal's world image as a unique place to visit rests. Currently, Portugal is investing heavily in renewable energy from solar, wind, and wave power in order to account for about 50 percent of its electricity needs by 2010. Portugal opened the world's largest solar power plant and the world's first commercial wave power farm in 2006.
       An American documentary film on Portugal produced in the 1970s described this little country as having "a Past in Search of a Future." In the years after the Revolution of 25 April 1974, it could be said that Portugal is now living in "a Present in Search of a Future." Increasingly, that future lies in Europe as an active and productive member of the EU.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Historical Portugal

  • 14 ring

    I
    1. riŋ noun
    1) (a small circle eg of gold or silver, sometimes having a jewel set in it, worn on the finger: a wedding ring; She wears a diamond ring.) anillo
    2) (a circle of metal, wood etc for any of various purposes: a scarf-ring; a key-ring; The trap-door had a ring attached for lifting it.) aro; argolla
    3) (anything which is like a circle in shape: The children formed a ring round their teacher; The hot teapot left a ring on the polished table.) círculo
    4) (an enclosed space for boxing matches, circus performances etc: the circus-ring; The crowd cheered as the boxer entered the ring.) ring, cuadrilátero
    5) (a small group of people formed for business or criminal purposes: a drugs ring.) red, círculo

    2. verb
    1) (to form a ring round.) rodear
    2) (to put, draw etc a ring round (something): He has ringed all your errors.) rodear
    3) (to put a ring on the leg of (a bird) as a means of identifying it.) anillar
    •
    - ringlet
    - ring finger
    - ringleader
    - ringmaster
    - run rings round
    II
    1. riŋ past tense - rang; verb
    1) (to (cause to) sound: The doorbell rang; He rang the doorbell; The telephone rang.) sonar
    2) ((often with up) to telephone (someone): I'll ring you (up) tonight.) llamar (por teléfono)
    3) ((often with for) to ring a bell (eg in a hotel) to tell someone to come, to bring something etc: She rang for the maid.) tocar
    4) ((of certain objects) to make a high sound like a bell: The glass rang as she hit it with a metal spoon.) tintinear
    5) (to be filled with sound: The hall rang with the sound of laughter.) resonar
    6) ((often with out) to make a loud, clear sound: His voice rang through the house; A shot rang out.) resonar

    2. noun
    1) (the act or sound of ringing: the ring of a telephone.) llamada
    2) (a telephone call: I'll give you a ring.) llamada (de teléfono)
    3) (a suggestion, impression or feeling: His story has a ring of truth about it.) matiz
    •
    - ring back
    - ring off
    - ring true
    ring1 n
    1. anillo
    2. círculo
    ring2 vb
    1. sonar
    2. tocar
    3. llamar

    ring /rrin/ sustantivo masculino (pl
    ◊ rings) (Dep) ring
    ' ring' also found in these entries: Spanish: acaso - alianza - anilla - anillo - anular - argolla - campanada - cerco - chapada - chapado - compromiso - corro - cuadrilátera - cuadrilátero - dedo - desarticular - engarzar - flotador - fogón - hornillo - llamar - ojera - pulsar - red - repiquetear - ronda - rosca - rosco - rosquilla - rubí - rueda - servilletero - sonar - sortija - telefonazo - telefonear - timbrazo - timbre - tocar - amarradero - archivador - aro - aureola - brillante - campana - carpeta - carretera - caso - clasificador - diamante English: about - authenticity - bell - better - boxing ring - brass - do - engagement ring - for - hand down - inlaid - pay - rang - ring - ring back - ring binder - ring finger - ring off - ring out - ring up - rung - so - soon - sure - wedding ring - back - boxing - break - bull - crack - ear - engagement - finger - gas - gold - have - key - life - rubber - smash - spy - star - washer - wedding
    tr[rɪŋ]
    1 (for finger) anillo, sortija
    2 (hoop) anilla, aro
    4 (of circus) pista, arena
    5 (for boxing) ring nombre masculino, cuadrilátero; (for bullfighting) ruedo
    1 (put a ring on) anillar
    2 (draw a ring round) marcar con un círculo
    3 (encircle) rodear
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    ring road cinturón nombre masculino de ronda
    ————————
    tr[rɪŋ]
    1 (of bell) tañido, toque nombre masculino; (of doorbell) llamada
    2 (phonecall) llamada
    intransitive verb (pt rang tr[ræŋ], pp rung tr[rʌŋ])
    1 (bell) sonar
    2 (ears) zumbar
    1 (call) llamar
    2 (bell) tocar
    ring ['rɪŋ] v, rang ['ræŋ] ; rung ['rʌŋ] ; ringing vi
    1) : sonar
    the doorbell rang: el timbre sonó
    to ring for: llamar
    2) resound: resonar
    3) seem: parecer
    to ring true: parecer cierto
    ring vt
    1) : tocar, hacer sonar (un timbre, una alarma, etc.)
    2) surround: cercar, rodear
    ring n
    1) : anillo m, sortija f
    wedding ring: anillo de matrimonio
    2) band: aro m, anillo m
    piston ring: aro de émbolo
    3) circle: círculo m
    4) arena: arena f, ruedo m
    a boxing ring: un cuadrilátero, un ring
    5) gang: banda f (de ladrones, etc.)
    6) sound: timbre m, sonido m
    7) call: llamada f (por teléfono)
    n.
    • ring (Boxeo) (•Deporte•) s.m.
    n.
    • anilla s.f.
    • anillo s.m.
    • argolla s.f.
    • aro s.m.
    • campanilleo s.m.
    • cerco s.m.
    • ceño s.m.
    • corro s.m.
    • círculo s.m.
    • redondo s.m.
    • sortija s.f.
    • tañido s.m.
    • toque s.m.
    v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: ringed) (•§ p.,p.p.: rang, rung•) = ensortijar v.
    • llamar (Teléfono) v.
    • repicar v.
    • retiñir v.
    • sonar v.
    • telefonear a v.
    • tocar v.
    • zumbar v.
    rɪŋ
    I
    1) c
    a) ( on finger) anillo m; ( woman's) anillo m, sortija f; (before n)

    ring finger — (dedo m) anular m

    curtain ring — argolla f, anilla f

    c) ( circular shape) círculo m

    to stand in a ring — hacer* un corro, formar un círculo

    to run rings around something/somebody — darle* mil vueltas a algo/algn

    d) ( burner) (BrE) quemador m, hornilla f (AmL exc CS), hornillo m (Esp), hornalla f (RPl), plato m (Chi)
    2) c
    a) (in boxing, wrestling) cuadrilátero m, ring m
    b) ( in circus) pista f
    c) ( bull ring) ruedo m
    3) c ( of criminals) red f, banda f
    4)
    b) u (sound, resonance)
    c) ( telephone call) (BrE) (no pl)

    to give somebody a ring — llamar (por teléfono) a algn, telefonear a algn, hablarle a algn (Méx)


    II
    1.
    (past rang; past p rung) intransitive verb
    1)
    a) ( make sound) \<\<church bell\>\> sonar*, repicar*, tañer* (liter); \<\<doorbell/telephone/alarm/alarm clock\>\> sonar*
    b) ( operate bell) \<\<person\>\> tocar* el timbre, llamar al timbre

    to ring FOR somebody/something: you have to ring for service tiene que llamar al timbre para que lo atiendan; she rang for the butler — hizo sonar el timbre/la campanilla para llamar al mayordomo

    2) ( telephone) (BrE) llamar (por teléfono), telefonear, hablar (Méx)

    to ring FOR somebody/something: she rang for a cab/doctor — llamó un taxi/al médico

    3)
    a) ( resound) resonar*

    to ring true — ser* or sonar* convincente

    b) \<\<ears\>\> zumbar

    2.
    vt
    1)
    a) \<\<bell\>\> tocar*
    b) ( telephone) \<\<person\>\> (BrE) llamar (por teléfono), telefonear, hablar(le) a (Méx)
    2) (past & past p ringed)
    a) ( surround) cercar*, rodear
    b) (with pen, pencil) marcar* con un círculo, encerrar* en un círculo
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    I [rɪŋ]
    1. N
    1) (on finger) (plain) anillo m; (jewelled) anillo m, sortija f; (in nose) arete m, aro m; (on bird's leg, for curtain) anilla f; (for napkin) servilletero m; (on stove) quemador m, hornillo m; (for swimmer) flotador m
    rings (Gymnastics) anillas fpl

    electric ring — quemador m eléctrico, hornillo m eléctrico

    gas ring — fuego m de gas

    onion rings — aros mpl de cebolla rebozados

    diamond, engagement, key, nose, piston, signet, wedding
    2) (=circle) [of people] círculo m; (in game, dance) corro m; [of objects] anillo m; (in water) onda f; (around planet, on tree, of smoke) anillo m; (around bathtub) cerco m

    to stand/sit in a ring — ponerse/sentarse en círculo

    - run rings round sb
    smoke
    3) (=group) [of criminals, drug dealers] banda f, red f; [of spies] red f; (Comm) cartel m, cártel m; drug, spy, vice I, 1.
    4) (=arena) (Boxing) cuadrilátero m, ring m; (at circus) pista f; (=bullring) ruedo m, plaza f; (at horse race) cercado m, recinto m; (in livestock market) corral m (de exposiciones)

    the ring — (fig) el boxeo

    - throw or toss one's hat or cap into the ring
    show
    2. VT
    1) (=surround) rodear, cercar
    2) [+ bird] anillar
    3) (=mark with ring) poner un círculo a
    3.
    CPD

    ring binder N — carpeta f de anillas or (LAm) anillos

    ring finger N — (dedo m) anular m

    ring main N — (Elec) red f de suministro or abastecimiento

    ring road N — (Brit) carretera f de circunvalación, ronda f, periférico m (LAm)

    ring spanner N — llave f dentada


    II [rɪŋ] (vb: pt rang) (pp rung)
    1. N
    1) (=sound) [of bell] toque m de timbre; (louder, of alarm) timbrazo m; [of voice] timbre m; (metallic sound) sonido m metálico

    there was a ring at the door — llamaron al timbre de la puerta, sonó el timbre de la puerta

    2) (Brit)
    (Telec)

    to give sb a ring — llamar a algn (por teléfono), dar un telefonazo or un toque a algn *

    I'll give you a ring — te llamo, te doy un telefonazo or un toque *

    3) (=nuance)

    his laugh had a hollow ring to it — su risa tenía algo de superficial, su risa sonaba (a) superficial

    2. VT
    1) [+ doorbell, buzzer, handbell, church bell] tocar
    - that rings a bell

    to ring the changes —

    he decided to ring the changes after his side's third consecutive defeat — decidió cambiar de táctica tras la tercera derrota consecutiva de su equipo

    alarm
    2) (Brit) (Telec) [+ house, office, number] llamar a; [+ person] llamar (por teléfono) a
    3. VI
    1) (=make sound) [doorbell, alarm, telephone] sonar; [church bell] sonar, repicar, tañer liter
    - ring off the hook
    2) (=use bell) llamar

    you rang, madam? — ¿me llamó usted, señora?

    to ring for sth: we'll ring for some sugar — llamaremos para pedir azúcar

    3) (Brit) (=telephone) llamar (por teléfono)

    could someone ring for a taxi? — ¿podría alguien llamar a un taxi?

    4) (=echo) (gen) resonar; [ears] zumbar
    - ring true/false/hollow
    * * *
    [rɪŋ]
    I
    1) c
    a) ( on finger) anillo m; ( woman's) anillo m, sortija f; (before n)

    ring finger — (dedo m) anular m

    curtain ring — argolla f, anilla f

    c) ( circular shape) círculo m

    to stand in a ring — hacer* un corro, formar un círculo

    to run rings around something/somebody — darle* mil vueltas a algo/algn

    d) ( burner) (BrE) quemador m, hornilla f (AmL exc CS), hornillo m (Esp), hornalla f (RPl), plato m (Chi)
    2) c
    a) (in boxing, wrestling) cuadrilátero m, ring m
    b) ( in circus) pista f
    c) ( bull ring) ruedo m
    3) c ( of criminals) red f, banda f
    4)
    b) u (sound, resonance)
    c) ( telephone call) (BrE) (no pl)

    to give somebody a ring — llamar (por teléfono) a algn, telefonear a algn, hablarle a algn (Méx)


    II
    1.
    (past rang; past p rung) intransitive verb
    1)
    a) ( make sound) \<\<church bell\>\> sonar*, repicar*, tañer* (liter); \<\<doorbell/telephone/alarm/alarm clock\>\> sonar*
    b) ( operate bell) \<\<person\>\> tocar* el timbre, llamar al timbre

    to ring FOR somebody/something: you have to ring for service tiene que llamar al timbre para que lo atiendan; she rang for the butler — hizo sonar el timbre/la campanilla para llamar al mayordomo

    2) ( telephone) (BrE) llamar (por teléfono), telefonear, hablar (Méx)

    to ring FOR somebody/something: she rang for a cab/doctor — llamó un taxi/al médico

    3)
    a) ( resound) resonar*

    to ring true — ser* or sonar* convincente

    b) \<\<ears\>\> zumbar

    2.
    vt
    1)
    a) \<\<bell\>\> tocar*
    b) ( telephone) \<\<person\>\> (BrE) llamar (por teléfono), telefonear, hablar(le) a (Méx)
    2) (past & past p ringed)
    a) ( surround) cercar*, rodear
    b) (with pen, pencil) marcar* con un círculo, encerrar* en un círculo
    •
    Phrasal Verbs:

    English-spanish dictionary > ring

  • 15 esconder

    v.
    to hide, to conceal.
    * * *
    1 to hide, conceal
    1 to hide
    * * *
    verb
    to hide, conceal
    * * *
    1.
    VT to hide, conceal (de from)
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo to hide, conceal (frml)
    2.
    esconderse v pron
    1) (refl) persona to hide
    2) ( estar oculto) to hide, lie hidden
    * * *
    = hide, obscure, ensconce, tuck away, dissimulate, hide out, conceal, stash away, cache.
    Ex. These complications were not hidden or implicit; they were clearly set out at the beginning of the volume under 'Rules for the Compilation of the Catalog'.
    Ex. A pseudonym is the name assumed by an author to conceal or obscure his or her identity.
    Ex. The foreman ensconced in one of the cages and the master-printer in the other.
    Ex. It is rumoured to be, at least in part, tucked away in one of the attics of the Science Library, a forgotten monument to a great but unsuccessful idea = Se rumorea que se encuentra oculto, al menos en parte, en uno de los áticos de la Biblioteca de Ciencias, monumento olvidado a una gran idea pero sin éxito.
    Ex. He highlights the fact that the amount of time spent lying, dissimulating, and conforming in matters of religious faith was a huge issue in the 16th century.
    Ex. It tells the story of a young detective who stumbles across a stash of jewel thieves hiding out in an abandoned house.
    Ex. He merely said, striving to conceal his anger: 'I'll see what I can do'.
    Ex. Almost everybody we know had their treasures or some of their personal items stashed away in an old cigar box.
    Ex. Previous studies in which squirrels were provisioned with an abundant supply of food found a reduction in the rate of caching.
    ----
    * de tirar la piedra y esconder la mano = hit-and-run.
    * esconder escollos para = hold + pitfalls for.
    * esconder la cabeza como el avestruz = bury + Posesivo + head in the sand (like an ostrich), stick + Posesivo + head in the sand.
    * esconder peligros para = hold + pitfalls for.
    * esconderse = skulk, go into + hiding.
    * esconderse de miedo = cower.
    * esconderse detrás de = hide behind.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo to hide, conceal (frml)
    2.
    esconderse v pron
    1) (refl) persona to hide
    2) ( estar oculto) to hide, lie hidden
    * * *
    = hide, obscure, ensconce, tuck away, dissimulate, hide out, conceal, stash away, cache.

    Ex: These complications were not hidden or implicit; they were clearly set out at the beginning of the volume under 'Rules for the Compilation of the Catalog'.

    Ex: A pseudonym is the name assumed by an author to conceal or obscure his or her identity.
    Ex: The foreman ensconced in one of the cages and the master-printer in the other.
    Ex: It is rumoured to be, at least in part, tucked away in one of the attics of the Science Library, a forgotten monument to a great but unsuccessful idea = Se rumorea que se encuentra oculto, al menos en parte, en uno de los áticos de la Biblioteca de Ciencias, monumento olvidado a una gran idea pero sin éxito.
    Ex: He highlights the fact that the amount of time spent lying, dissimulating, and conforming in matters of religious faith was a huge issue in the 16th century.
    Ex: It tells the story of a young detective who stumbles across a stash of jewel thieves hiding out in an abandoned house.
    Ex: He merely said, striving to conceal his anger: 'I'll see what I can do'.
    Ex: Almost everybody we know had their treasures or some of their personal items stashed away in an old cigar box.
    Ex: Previous studies in which squirrels were provisioned with an abundant supply of food found a reduction in the rate of caching.
    * de tirar la piedra y esconder la mano = hit-and-run.
    * esconder escollos para = hold + pitfalls for.
    * esconder la cabeza como el avestruz = bury + Posesivo + head in the sand (like an ostrich), stick + Posesivo + head in the sand.
    * esconder peligros para = hold + pitfalls for.
    * esconderse = skulk, go into + hiding.
    * esconderse de miedo = cower.
    * esconderse detrás de = hide behind.

    * * *
    esconder [E1 ]
    vt
    to hide, conceal ( frml)
    A ( refl) «persona» to hide esconderse DE algn to hide FROM sb
    B
    1 (estar oculto) to hide, lie hidden
    detrás de esa apariencia agresiva se esconde un corazón de oro behind that aggressive exterior hides o there lies a heart of gold
    2 «sol» to go in
    * * *

     

    esconder ( conjugate esconder) verbo transitivo
    to hide, conceal (frml)
    esconderse verbo pronominal
    1 ( refl) [ persona] to hide;
    esconderse de algn to hide from sb
    2 ( estar oculto) to hide, lie hidden
    esconder verbo transitivo to hide [de, from]
    (la verdad, una información) to conceal [de, from]
    ♦ Locuciones: tirar la piedra y esconder la mano, to do something wrong and then act innocently
    ' esconder' also found in these entries:
    English:
    harbor
    - harbour
    - hide
    - secrete
    - box
    - draw
    - secret
    - stash
    - stow
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    to hide, to conceal;
    me esconden el tabaco they hide my cigarettes
    * * *
    v/t hide, conceal
    * * *
    ocultar: to hide, to conceal
    * * *
    esconder vb to hide [pt. hid; pp. hidden]
    ¿dónde has escondido el dinero? where have you hid the money?

    Spanish-English dictionary > esconder

  • 16 rubí

    rubí sustantivo masculino
    a) (Min) ruby
    c) ( color):
    ◊ de color rubí ruby red

    rubí sustantivo masculino ruby
    un anillo de oro y rubíes, a gold ring set with rubies ' rubí' also found in these entries: English: ruby - jewel

    English-spanish dictionary > rubí

  • 17 ring

    I 1. noun
    1) Ring, der
    2) (Horse Racing, Boxing) Ring, der; (in circus) Manege, die
    3) (group) Ring, der; (gang) Bande, die; (controlling prices) Kartell, das
    4) (circle) Kreis, der

    make or run rings [a]round somebody — (fig.) jemanden in die Tasche stecken (ugs.)

    2. transitive verb
    1) (surround) umringen; einkreisen [Wort, Buchstaben usw.]
    2) (Brit.): (put ring on leg of) beringen [Vogel]
    II 1. noun
    1) (act of sounding bell) Läuten, das; Klingeln, das

    there's a ring at the door — es hat geklingelt

    2) (Brit. coll.): (telephone call) Anruf, der
    3) (resonance; fig.): (impression) Klang, der; (fig.)
    2. intransitive verb,
    1) (sound clearly) [er]schallen; [Hammer:] [er]dröhnen
    2) (be sounded) [Glocke, Klingel, Telefon:] läuten; [Kasse, Telefon, Wecker:] klingeln

    the doorbell rang — die Türklingel ging; es klingelte

    3) (ring bell) läuten ( for nach)
    4) (Brit.): (make telephone call) anrufen
    5) (resound)

    ring in somebody's ears — jemandem in den Ohren klingen

    ring true/false — (fig.) glaubhaft/unglaubhaft klingen

    6) (hum) summen; (loudly) dröhnen
    3. transitive verb,
    rang, rung
    1) läuten [Glocke]

    ring the [door]bell — läuten; klingeln

    it rings a bell — (fig. coll.) es kommt mir [irgendwie] bekannt vor

    2) (Brit.): (telephone) anrufen
    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/62450/ring_back">ring back
    * * *
    I 1. [riŋ] noun
    1) (a small circle eg of gold or silver, sometimes having a jewel set in it, worn on the finger: a wedding ring; She wears a diamond ring.) der Ring
    2) (a circle of metal, wood etc for any of various purposes: a scarf-ring; a key-ring; The trap-door had a ring attached for lifting it.) der Ring
    3) (anything which is like a circle in shape: The children formed a ring round their teacher; The hot teapot left a ring on the polished table.) der Ring
    4) (an enclosed space for boxing matches, circus performances etc: the circus-ring; The crowd cheered as the boxer entered the ring.) der Ring
    5) (a small group of people formed for business or criminal purposes: a drugs ring.) der Ring
    2. verb
    ( verb)
    1) (to form a ring round.) umringen
    2) (to put, draw etc a ring round (something): He has ringed all your errors.) umkreisen
    3) (to put a ring on the leg of (a bird) as a means of identifying it.) beringen
    •
    - ring binder
    - ringlet
    - ring finger
    - ringleader
    - ringmaster
    - run rings round     II 1. [riŋ] past tense - rang; verb
    1) (to (cause to) sound: The doorbell rang; He rang the doorbell; The telephone rang.) klingeln
    2) ((often with up) to telephone (someone): I'll ring you (up) tonight.) anrufen
    3) ((often with for) to ring a bell (eg in a hotel) to tell someone to come, to bring something etc: She rang for the maid.) läuten
    4) ((of certain objects) to make a high sound like a bell: The glass rang as she hit it with a metal spoon.) klingen
    5) (to be filled with sound: The hall rang with the sound of laughter.) erklingen, erschallen
    6) ((often with out) to make a loud, clear sound: His voice rang through the house; A shot rang out.) erschallen
    2. noun
    1) (the act or sound of ringing: the ring of a telephone.) das Klingeln
    2) (a telephone call: I'll give you a ring.) der Anruf
    3) (a suggestion, impression or feeling: His story has a ring of truth about it.) der Klang
    •
    - ring a bell
    - ring back
    - ring off
    - ring true
    * * *
    ring1
    [rɪŋ]
    I. n
    1. (jewellery) Ring m
    diamond \ring Diamantring m
    2. (circular object) Ring m
    metal/onion \ring Metall-/Zwiebelring m
    3. ASTRON Ring m
    the \rings of Saturn die Ringe des Saturn
    4. (marking) Rand m
    the wet glass left a \ring on the table das nasse Glas hinterließ einen Rand auf dem Tisch
    to have \rings around one's eyes Ringe unter den Augen haben
    5. BRIT (cooking device) Kochplatte f, Herdplatte f
    6. (arena) Ring m
    boxing \ring Boxring m
    circus \ring Manege f
    7. + sing/pl vb (circle of people) Kreis m
    8. + sing vb (circle of objects) Kreis
    to sit in a \ring around sb im Kreis um jdn herumsitzen
    9. + sing/pl vb (clique) Ring m, Kartell nt, Syndikat nt; (at an auction) Händlerring m bei einer Auktion
    drug/spy \ring Drogen-/Spionagering m
    10. CHEM ringförmige atomare Struktur
    11. (circular course) Kreis m
    they ran around in a \ring sie liefen [o rannten] im Kreis herum
    12. STOCKEX (trading floor) Börsenstand m
    13. COMPUT (data list) Ring m; (topology of network) Ringtopologie f
    14.
    ▶ to run \rings [a]round sb jdn in die Tasche stecken fam
    II. vt
    1. usu passive (surround)
    ▪ to \ring sb/sth jdn/etw umringen
    armed police \ring the hijacked plane bewaffnete Polizisten kreisen das entführte Flugzeug ein
    the harbour is \ringed by rocks and reefs der Hafen ist von Felsen und Riffen umgeben
    ▪ to \ring sth etw einkreisen
    to \ring a bird einen Vogel beringen
    to \ring a bull/a pig einen Stier/ein Schwein mit einem Nasenring versehen
    4. (falsify) Chassis- oder Motornummer f an etw dat betrügerisch verändern
    ring2
    [rɪŋ]
    I. n
    1. (act of sounding bell) Klingeln nt kein pl
    to give a \ring klingeln
    he gave a \ring at the door er klingelte [o läutete] an der Tür
    2. (sound made) Klingeln nt kein pl, Läuten nt kein pl
    there was a \ring at the door es hat geklingelt [o geläutet
    3. usu sing esp BRIT (telephone call)
    to give sb a \ring jdn anrufen
    the \ring of iron on stone das Klirren von Eisen auf Stein
    5. usu sing (quality) Klang m
    your name has a familiar \ring Ihr Name kommt mir bekannt vor
    his story had the \ring of truth seine Geschichte hörte sich glaubhaft an
    6. (set of bells) Glockenspiel nt; of a church Läut[e]werk nt
    II. vi
    <rang, rung>
    1. (produce bell sound) telephone klingeln, läuten; (cause bell sound) klingen
    2. (summon) läuten
    ▪ to \ring for sth nach etw dat läuten
    3. (have humming sensation) klingen
    my ears are still \ringing from the explosion mir klingen noch die Ohren von der Explosion
    to \ring with [or to] a sound von einem Klang widerhallen
    the room rang with laughter der Raum war von Lachen erfüllt; ( fig)
    his voice rang with anger seine Stimme bebte vor Zorn
    5. (appear)
    to \ring false/true unglaubhaft/glaubhaft klingen [o SCHWEIZ a. tönen]
    to \ring hollow hohl klingen [o SCHWEIZ a. tönen] pej
    6. esp BRIT (call on telephone) anrufen
    to \ring for an ambulance/a taxi einen Krankenwagen/ein Taxi rufen
    to \ring home zu Hause anrufen
    ▪ to \ring back zurückrufen
    7.
    ▶ sth \rings in sb's ears [or head] etw klingt jdm im Ohr
    III. vt
    <rang, rung>
    to \ring a bell eine Glocke läuten
    to \ring the alarm Alarm auslösen
    2. (of a church)
    to \ring the hour die Stunde schlagen
    to \ring a peal die Glocken läuten
    ▪ to \ring sb jdn anrufen
    ▪ to \ring sb back jdn zurückrufen
    4.
    ▶ to \ring a bell Assoziationen hervorrufen
    the name rang a bell der Name kam mir irgendwie bekannt vor
    ▶ to \ring the changes [on sth] für Abwechslung [bei etw dat] sorgen
    * * *
    I [rɪŋ]
    1. n
    1) Ring m; (for swimmer) Schwimmring or -reifen m
    2) (= circle) Ring m; (in tree trunk) Jahresring m

    to have ( dark) rings round or under one's eyes —

    3) (= group POL) Gruppe f; (of dealers, spies) Ring m
    4) (= enclosure at circus) Manege f; (at exhibition) Ring m; (HORSE RACING) Buchmacherring m; (= boxing ring) (Box)ring m
    2. vt
    (= surround) umringen; (in game: with hoop) einen Ring werfen über (+acc); (= put ring on or round) item on list etc einkreisen, einen Kreis machen um; (esp Brit) bird beringen II vb: pret rang, ptp rung
    1. n
    1) (sound) Klang m; (= ringing) (of bell, alarm bell) Läuten nt; (of electric bell, alarm clock, phone) Klingeln nt; (of crystal) Klang m

    to hear a ring at the door —

    2) (esp Brit TELEC) Anruf m
    3) (fig) Klang m
    4)

    (= set) ring of bells — Glockenspiel nt

    2. vi
    1) (= make sound) klingen; (bell, alarm bell) läuten; (electric bell) läuten, klingeln; (alarm clock, phone) klingeln; (= make metallic sound swords etc) klirren; (crystal) klingen; (hammers) schallen

    the bell rang for dinner —

    to ring for sth —

    you rang, sir? — (gnädiger Herr,) Sie haben geläutet?

    3) (= sound, resound words, voice) tönen, schallen; (music, singing) erklingen (geh), tönen

    to ring false/true — falsch/wahr klingen

    my ears are ringing —

    3. vt
    1) bell läuten

    that/his name rings a bell (fig inf) — das/sein Name kommt mir bekannt vor

    he/it rings my bell ( US inf ) — den/das find ich gut (inf)

    to ring the changes ( lit : on bells ) — (etw) im Wechsel läuten; (fig) alle Variationen durchspielen

    * * *
    ring1 [rıŋ]
    A s
    1. allg Ring m ( auch BOT, CHEM und fig):
    rings of smoke Rauchringe oder -kringel;
    ring of atoms PHYS Atomring;
    ring of forts Festungsgürtel m, -ring;
    at the rings (Turnen) an den Ringen;
    form a ring einen Kreis bilden (Personen);
    have (livid) rings round one’s eyes (dunkle) Ringe um die Augen haben;
    make ( oder run) rings (a)round sb fig jemanden in die Tasche stecken;
    the Ring (of the Nibelungen) MUS der Ring (des Nibelungen)
    2. TECH
    a) Ring m, Glied n (einer Kette)
    b) Öse f, Öhr n
    3. MATH Ring(fläche) m(f)
    4. ASTRON Hof m
    5. (Kräusel)Locke f
    6. a) Manege f
    b) Boxen: Ring m:
    the ring weitS. das (Berufs)Boxen, der Boxsport;
    enter the ring against in den Ring steigen gegen;
    the third man in the ring der dritte Mann im Ring
    c) fig besonders POL Arena f:
    be in the ring for kämpfen um
    a) Buchmacherplatz m
    b) koll (die) Buchmacher pl
    8. WIRTSCH
    a) (Spekulations) Ring m, Aufkäufergruppe f
    b) Ring m, Kartell n, Syndikat n
    9. a) (Verbrecher-, Spionage- etc) Ring m
    b) POL Clique f
    10. ARCH
    a) Bogenverzierung f
    b) Riemchen n (an Säulen)
    11. Teller m (am Skistock)
    B v/t
    1. a) meist ring about ( oder around, round) umringen, umgeben, umkreisen, einkreisen
    b) Vieh umreiten, zusammentreiben
    2. einen Ring bilden aus
    3. beringen, einem Tier einen Ring durch die Nase ziehen
    4. Zwiebeln in Ringe schneiden
    5. einen Baum ringeln
    C v/i
    1. sich im Kreis bewegen
    2. JAGD kreisen (Falke etc)
    ring2 [rıŋ]
    A s
    1. Geläute n:
    a) Glockenklang m, -läuten n
    b) Glockenspiel n (einer Kirche)
    2. Läuten n, Klingeln n (Rufzeichen)
    3. besonders Br umg Anruf m:
    give sb a ring jemanden anrufen
    4. Erklingen n, Ertönen n, Schall m
    5. Klingen n, Klang m (einer Münze, der Stimme etc):
    the ring of truth fig der Klang der Wahrheit;
    have the ring of truth (authenticity) wahr (echt) klingen;
    that has a familiar ring to me das kommt mir (irgendwie) bekannt vor;
    a) hohl klingen (Versprechen etc),
    b) unglaubwürdig klingen (Protest etc)
    B v/i prät rang [ræŋ], pperf rung [rʌŋ]
    1. läuten, klingen (Glocke), klingeln (Glöckchen), (Boxen) ertönen (Gong):
    a) klingeln, läuten,
    b) fig um Einlass bitten;
    ring for sb nach jemandem klingeln
    2. oft ring out erklingen, (er)schallen, (er)tönen (auch Schuss)
    3. klingen (Münze etc):
    my ears ring mir klingen die Ohren
    4. auch ring again fig widerhallen ( with von), nachklingen:
    his words rang true seine Worte klangen wahr oder echt; → hollow C
    5. TEL besonders Br anrufen
    C v/t
    1. eine Glocke läuten:
    a) auch ring the doorbell klingeln, läuten
    b) fig → bell1 A 1, change C 3
    2. ein Instrument, fig jemandes Lob etc erklingen oder erschallen lassen
    3. eine Münze klingen lassen
    4. → ring up B 1, B 2
    * * *
    I 1. noun
    1) Ring, der
    2) (Horse Racing, Boxing) Ring, der; (in circus) Manege, die
    3) (group) Ring, der; (gang) Bande, die; (controlling prices) Kartell, das
    4) (circle) Kreis, der

    make or run rings [a]round somebody — (fig.) jemanden in die Tasche stecken (ugs.)

    2. transitive verb
    1) (surround) umringen; einkreisen [Wort, Buchstaben usw.]
    2) (Brit.): (put ring on leg of) beringen [Vogel]
    II 1. noun
    1) (act of sounding bell) Läuten, das; Klingeln, das
    2) (Brit. coll.): (telephone call) Anruf, der
    3) (resonance; fig.): (impression) Klang, der; (fig.)
    2. intransitive verb,
    1) (sound clearly) [er]schallen; [Hammer:] [er]dröhnen
    2) (be sounded) [Glocke, Klingel, Telefon:] läuten; [Kasse, Telefon, Wecker:] klingeln

    the doorbell rang — die Türklingel ging; es klingelte

    3) (ring bell) läuten ( for nach)
    4) (Brit.): (make telephone call) anrufen

    ring true/false — (fig.) glaubhaft/unglaubhaft klingen

    6) (hum) summen; (loudly) dröhnen
    3. transitive verb,
    rang, rung
    1) läuten [Glocke]

    ring the [door]bell — läuten; klingeln

    it rings a bell — (fig. coll.) es kommt mir [irgendwie] bekannt vor

    2) (Brit.): (telephone) anrufen
    Phrasal Verbs:
    * * *
    n.
    Klang ¨-e m.
    Kreis -e m.
    Ring -e m. v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: ringed) (•§ p.,p.p.: rang, rung•)
    = klingeln v.
    klingen v.
    (§ p.,pp.: klang, geklungen)
    läuten v.

    English-german dictionary > ring

  • 18 worth

    wə:Ɵ
    1. noun
    (value: These books are of little or no worth; She sold fifty dollars' worth of tickets.) valor

    2. adjective
    1) (equal in value to: Each of these stamps is worth a cent.) que vale, que tiene un valor de
    2) (good enough for: His suggestion is worth considering: The exhibition is well worth a visit.) digno de, merecedor de, que merece la pena
    •
    - worthlessly
    - worthlessness
    - worthy
    3. noun
    (a highly respected person.) prócer, dignitario
    - worthiness
    - - worthy
    - worthwhile
    - for all one is worth
    worth1 adj
    1. que vale
    the jeweller said my ring is worth £500 el joyero dijo que mi anillo vale quinientas libras
    2. que vale la pena
    worth2 n valor
    £50,000 worth of jewellery was stolen se robaron joyas por valor de 50.000 libras
    tr[wɜːɵ]
    1 (having certain value) que vale, que tiene un valor de
    it's worth £10, but I got it for £5 vale diez libras pero me costó sólo cinco
    how much is that jewel worth? ¿cuánto vale esa joya?
    2 (deserving of) que vale la pena, que merece la pena, digno,-a de, merecedor,-ra de
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    if a job's worth doing, it's worth doing well si se hace un trabajo, hay que hacerlo bien
    for all one is worth con toda el alma
    for what it's worth por si te sirve de algo
    it's more than my job's worth me arriesgaría el trabajo
    to not be worth a damn no valer nada
    to be worth one's/its weight in gold valer su peso en oro
    to get one's money's worth sacarle jugo al dinero
    to be worth the trouble/it valer la pena, merecer la pena
    to be worth one's salt merecer el pan que se come
    to be worth somebody's while valer la pena, merecer la pena
    worth ['wərɵ] n
    1) : valor m (monetario)
    ten dollars' worth of gas: diez dólares de gasolina
    2) merit: valor m, mérito m, valía f
    an employee of great worth: un empleado de gran valía
    worth prep
    to be worth : valer
    her holdings are worth a fortune: sus propiedades valen una fortuna
    it's not worth it: no vale la pena
    adj.
    • del valor de adj.
    • digno de adj.
    • equivalente a adj.
    n.
    • entidad s.f.
    • mérito s.m.
    • precio s.m.
    • valer s.m.
    • valor (Precio) s.m.
    • valía s.f.

    I wɜːrθ, wɜːθ
    adjective (pred)

    to be worth — valer*

    it's worth $200/a lot of money — vale $200/mucho dinero

    it's a nice coat, but it isn't worth the money — el abrigo es bonito, pero no como para pagar ese precio

    goods worth £5,000 were stolen — robaron mercancías por valor de 5.000 libras

    how much is it worth? — ¿cuánto vale?

    how much is it worth for me to keep quiet about it? — ¿cuánto me dan por no decir nada?

    this is my opinion, for what it's worth — ésta es mi opinión, si es que a alguien le interesa

    b) ( worthy of)

    the museum is worth a visit — vale or merece la pena visitar el museo

    it's worth a try — vale or merece la pena intentarlo

    don't argue with them, it isn't worth it — no discutas con ellos, no vale or no merece la pena

    you keep an eye on him, and I'll make it worth your while — tú vigílalo, que yo ya te compensaré

    if a job's worth doing, it's worth doing well — (set phrase) si se hace un trabajo, hay que hacerlo bien


    II
    mass noun

    $2,000 dollars' worth of furniture — muebles por valor de 2.000 dólares

    b) ( of thing) valor m; ( of person) valía f

    to prove one's worth — demostrar* su (or mi etc) valía

    [wɜːθ]
    1. ADJ
    1) (=equal in value to)

    what or how much is it worth? — ¿cuánto vale?

    it's worth a great deal to me — (sentimentally) para mí tiene gran valor sentimental

    he was worth a million when he died — murió millonario, murió dejando una fortuna de un millón

    what's the old man worth? — ¿cuánto dinero tiene el viejo?

    "don't tell anybody" - "what's it worth to you?" * — -no se lo digas a nadie -¿cuánto me das si no digo nada?

    • to run for all one is worth — correr como si le llevara a uno el diablo

    • it must be worth a fortune — debe valer una fortuna

    • it's more than my job's worth to tell you — me costaría mi empleo decirte eso

    • it's not worth the paper it's written on — vale menos que el papel en que está escrito

    • she's worth ten of him — ella vale diez veces más que él

    • I tell you this for what it's worth — te digo esto por si te interesa

    2) (=deserving of)

    it's worth reading — vale or merece la pena leerlo

    • it's worth the effort — vale or merece la pena molestarse en hacerlo

    • it's worth having — vale or merece la pena tenerlo

    • it's (not) worth it — (no) vale or merece la pena

    • life isn't worth living — la vida no tiene sentido para mí

    • the cathedral is worth a look — la catedral merece la pena, merece la pena ver la catedral

    • it's worth mentioning that... — merece la pena mencionar que..., es digno de mención el hecho de que...

    • it's worth supporting — es digno de apoyo

    • it's worth thinking about — vale or merece la pena pensarlo

    • it's not worth the trouble — no vale or merece la pena

    • the meal was worth the wait — la comida estaba tan rica que mereció la pena esperar, la comida mereció or compensó la espera

    • it's well worth doing — bien vale or merece la pena hacerlo

    job, while
    2.
    N [of thing] valor m ; [of person] valía f

    ten pounds' worth of books — libros por valor de diez libras, diez libras de libros

    money 1., 1)
    * * *

    I [wɜːrθ, wɜːθ]
    adjective (pred)

    to be worth — valer*

    it's worth $200/a lot of money — vale $200/mucho dinero

    it's a nice coat, but it isn't worth the money — el abrigo es bonito, pero no como para pagar ese precio

    goods worth £5,000 were stolen — robaron mercancías por valor de 5.000 libras

    how much is it worth? — ¿cuánto vale?

    how much is it worth for me to keep quiet about it? — ¿cuánto me dan por no decir nada?

    this is my opinion, for what it's worth — ésta es mi opinión, si es que a alguien le interesa

    b) ( worthy of)

    the museum is worth a visit — vale or merece la pena visitar el museo

    it's worth a try — vale or merece la pena intentarlo

    don't argue with them, it isn't worth it — no discutas con ellos, no vale or no merece la pena

    you keep an eye on him, and I'll make it worth your while — tú vigílalo, que yo ya te compensaré

    if a job's worth doing, it's worth doing well — (set phrase) si se hace un trabajo, hay que hacerlo bien


    II
    mass noun

    $2,000 dollars' worth of furniture — muebles por valor de 2.000 dólares

    b) ( of thing) valor m; ( of person) valía f

    to prove one's worth — demostrar* su (or mi etc) valía

    English-spanish dictionary > worth

  • 19 Ring

    m; -(e)s, -e
    1. allg.: ring; einen Ring anstecken put on a ring, put a ring on one’s finger; einen Ring im Ohr tragen wear a ring in one’s ear; die Ringe wechseln exchange rings; die olympischen Ringe the Olympic rings; Ringe unter den Augen fig. bags ( oder [dark] rings) under one’s eyes
    2. (Kreis) circle; einen Ring bilden form a ring ( oder circle); der Ring schließt sich fig. the wheel comes full circle
    3. SPORT, Boxen: ring; in den Ring steigen climb into the ring; Ring frei! Boxen: seconds out!; der Ring ist frei für neue Verhandlungen fig. the way is clear for further negotiations
    4. SPORT, Turnen: Ringe rings; an den Ringen turnen exercise on the rings
    5. Dichtung: washer; von Einmachglas: rubber seal
    6. (Straße) ring road, Am. beltway, orbital (road)
    7. (Spionage-, Verbrecherring) ring
    8. (Lesering) book club
    9. (Wurfring) quoit, ring
    * * *
    der Ring
    (Boxsport) ring;
    (Kreisform) hoop; round; ring;
    (Schmuckstück) ring; circlet
    * * *
    Rịng [rɪŋ]
    m -(e)s, -e
    1) ring; (= Kettenring) link; (= Wurfring) quoit; (= Einweckring) seal, rubber; (= Rettungsring) life buoy, life belt
    2) (= Kreis) (= Jahresring, Rauchring) ring; (auf dem Wasser, von Menschen) circle, ring; (= Ringstraße) ring road

    (dunkle) Ringe unter den Augen haben — to have (dark) rings under one's eyes

    3) (SPORT) (= Boxring) ring; (von Schießscheibe) ring, circle

    Ring frei! — seconds out or away!; (fig) clear the decks!

    in den Ring steigen (lit) — to climb into the ring; (fig) to enter the lists or the fray

    4) (ASTRON, MET, CHEM) ring
    5) (= Vereinigung) circle, group; (von Großhändlern, Erzeugern) group; (= Bande) ring; (THEAT = Abonnentenring) theatre-goers' (Brit) or theater-goers' (US) group
    6) (liter = Kreislauf) circle, cycle

    der Ring schließt sich — the circle is completed or closed, the wheel comes or turns full circle

    7) (= Sagenzyklus) cycle

    der Ring ( des Nibelungen) — the Ring (of the Nibelung)

    * * *
    der
    1) (a drift or curl of smoke, mist etc: wreaths of smoke.) wreath
    2) (a small circle eg of gold or silver, sometimes having a jewel set in it, worn on the finger: a wedding ring; She wears a diamond ring.) ring
    3) (a circle of metal, wood etc for any of various purposes: a scarf-ring; a key-ring; The trap-door had a ring attached for lifting it.) ring
    4) (anything which is like a circle in shape: The children formed a ring round their teacher; The hot teapot left a ring on the polished table.) ring
    5) (an enclosed space for boxing matches, circus performances etc: the circus-ring; The crowd cheered as the boxer entered the ring.) ring
    6) (a small group of people formed for business or criminal purposes: a drugs ring.) ring
    * * *
    <-[e]s, -e>
    [rɪŋ]
    m
    1. (Fingerring) ring
    einen \Ring am Finger tragen to wear a ring on one's finger
    die \Ringe tauschen [o (geh) wechseln] to exchange rings
    2. (Öse) ring
    3. (Kreis) circle
    einen \Ring um jdn bilden to form a circle round sb
    dunkle \Ringe [unter den Augen] dark rings [under one's eyes]
    4. (Syndikat) Händler, Dealer, Hehler ring; Lebensmittelhändler, Versicherungen syndicate
    5. (Ringstraße) ring road BRIT, beltway AM
    6. (Boxring) ring
    \Ring frei! seconds out!
    7. (Kreis in einer Schießscheibe) ring
    8. pl (Turngerät) rings npl
    * * *
    der; Ring[e]s, Ringe
    1) ring
    2) (BoxRing) ring

    Ring frei zur zweiten Runde — seconds out for the second round

    * * *
    Ring m; -(e)s, -e
    1. allg: ring;
    einen Ring anstecken put on a ring, put a ring on one’s finger;
    einen Ring im Ohr tragen wear a ring in one’s ear;
    die Ringe wechseln exchange rings;
    die olympischen Ringe the Olympic rings;
    Ringe unter den Augen fig bags ( oder [dark] rings) under one’s eyes
    2. (Kreis) circle;
    einen Ring bilden form a ring ( oder circle);
    der Ring schließt sich fig the wheel comes full circle
    3. SPORT, Boxen: ring;
    in den Ring steigen climb into the ring;
    Ring frei! Boxen: seconds out!;
    der Ring ist frei für neue Verhandlungen fig the way is clear for further negotiations
    4. SPORT, Turnen:
    Ringe rings;
    an den Ringen turnen exercise on the rings
    5. Dichtung: washer; von Einmachglas: rubber seal
    6. (Straße) ring road, US beltway, orbital (road)
    7. (Spionage-, Verbrecherring) ring
    8. (Lesering) book club
    9. (Wurfring) quoit, ring
    * * *
    der; Ring[e]s, Ringe
    1) ring
    2) (BoxRing) ring
    * * *
    -e m.
    circlet n.
    curl n.
    ring n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Ring

  • 20 ring

    m; -(e)s, -e
    1. allg.: ring; einen Ring anstecken put on a ring, put a ring on one’s finger; einen Ring im Ohr tragen wear a ring in one’s ear; die Ringe wechseln exchange rings; die olympischen Ringe the Olympic rings; Ringe unter den Augen fig. bags ( oder [dark] rings) under one’s eyes
    2. (Kreis) circle; einen Ring bilden form a ring ( oder circle); der Ring schließt sich fig. the wheel comes full circle
    3. SPORT, Boxen: ring; in den Ring steigen climb into the ring; Ring frei! Boxen: seconds out!; der Ring ist frei für neue Verhandlungen fig. the way is clear for further negotiations
    4. SPORT, Turnen: Ringe rings; an den Ringen turnen exercise on the rings
    5. Dichtung: washer; von Einmachglas: rubber seal
    6. (Straße) ring road, Am. beltway, orbital (road)
    7. (Spionage-, Verbrecherring) ring
    8. (Lesering) book club
    9. (Wurfring) quoit, ring
    * * *
    der Ring
    (Boxsport) ring;
    (Kreisform) hoop; round; ring;
    (Schmuckstück) ring; circlet
    * * *
    Rịng [rɪŋ]
    m -(e)s, -e
    1) ring; (= Kettenring) link; (= Wurfring) quoit; (= Einweckring) seal, rubber; (= Rettungsring) life buoy, life belt
    2) (= Kreis) (= Jahresring, Rauchring) ring; (auf dem Wasser, von Menschen) circle, ring; (= Ringstraße) ring road

    (dunkle) Ringe unter den Augen haben — to have (dark) rings under one's eyes

    3) (SPORT) (= Boxring) ring; (von Schießscheibe) ring, circle

    Ring frei! — seconds out or away!; (fig) clear the decks!

    in den Ring steigen (lit) — to climb into the ring; (fig) to enter the lists or the fray

    4) (ASTRON, MET, CHEM) ring
    5) (= Vereinigung) circle, group; (von Großhändlern, Erzeugern) group; (= Bande) ring; (THEAT = Abonnentenring) theatre-goers' (Brit) or theater-goers' (US) group
    6) (liter = Kreislauf) circle, cycle

    der Ring schließt sich — the circle is completed or closed, the wheel comes or turns full circle

    7) (= Sagenzyklus) cycle

    der Ring ( des Nibelungen) — the Ring (of the Nibelung)

    * * *
    der
    1) (a drift or curl of smoke, mist etc: wreaths of smoke.) wreath
    2) (a small circle eg of gold or silver, sometimes having a jewel set in it, worn on the finger: a wedding ring; She wears a diamond ring.) ring
    3) (a circle of metal, wood etc for any of various purposes: a scarf-ring; a key-ring; The trap-door had a ring attached for lifting it.) ring
    4) (anything which is like a circle in shape: The children formed a ring round their teacher; The hot teapot left a ring on the polished table.) ring
    5) (an enclosed space for boxing matches, circus performances etc: the circus-ring; The crowd cheered as the boxer entered the ring.) ring
    6) (a small group of people formed for business or criminal purposes: a drugs ring.) ring
    * * *
    <-[e]s, -e>
    [rɪŋ]
    m
    1. (Fingerring) ring
    einen \Ring am Finger tragen to wear a ring on one's finger
    die \Ringe tauschen [o (geh) wechseln] to exchange rings
    2. (Öse) ring
    3. (Kreis) circle
    einen \Ring um jdn bilden to form a circle round sb
    dunkle \Ringe [unter den Augen] dark rings [under one's eyes]
    4. (Syndikat) Händler, Dealer, Hehler ring; Lebensmittelhändler, Versicherungen syndicate
    5. (Ringstraße) ring road BRIT, beltway AM
    6. (Boxring) ring
    \Ring frei! seconds out!
    7. (Kreis in einer Schießscheibe) ring
    8. pl (Turngerät) rings npl
    * * *
    der; Ring[e]s, Ringe
    1) ring
    2) (BoxRing) ring

    Ring frei zur zweiten Runde — seconds out for the second round

    * * *
    …ring m im subst
    1. im wörtl Sinn:
    Eisenring iron ring;
    Gardinenring curtain ring
    2. fig (Gruppe):
    Lesering book club;
    Rauschgiftring drug ring
    * * *
    der; Ring[e]s, Ringe
    1) ring
    2) (BoxRing) ring
    * * *
    -e m.
    circlet n.
    curl n.
    ring n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > ring

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